21.4 Crystal Field Theory | General Chemistry

Chad provides a thorough lesson on Crystal Field Theory. The lesson begins with a review of the electrons configurations of the transition metals including notable exceptions so as to remind students of how to determine the number of 'd' electrons in a complex. Octahedral splitting patterns are then explained including both low spin and high spin complexes, as well as how electrons are filled into the 'd' orbitals in both cases. It is shown that strong field ligands lead to a large Crystal Field Splitting Energy (CFSE) resulting in low spin complexes, while weak field ligands lead to a small Crystal Field Splitting Energy resulting in high spin complexes.

The spitting pattern for tetrahedral complexes is then explained as well as the fact that such complexes are always high spin. Finally, the splitting pattern for square planar complexes is discussed, and the splitting patterns of all the complexes are used to explain the hybridizations of the central metal ion in the various complexes.

00:00 Lesson Introduction
00:29 Number of d Electrons in Transition Metal Complexes
05:24 Octahedral Splitting Patterns (Low Spin and High Spin)
17:19 Tetrahedral Splitting Pattern
18:36 Square Planar Splitting Pattern

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