How Did Zebras Get Their Stripes?

The savanna sprinting zebra!
There are three species of zebra, all of which roam the African plains: Grévy's zebra (Equus grevyi), plains zebra (Equus quagga), and mountain zebra (Equus zebra).

Anyway, the quirky bundle of energy known as the zebra has puzzled biologists for quite some time.
Thanks, in particular, to its stripes.

Considering how zebra stripes don’t really blend in with the plains they live in, and how no other savanna-dwelling animals share this characteristic, it’s no wonder biologists were curious about these guys.
Scientists have worked especially hard to determine how stripes, of all things, could have helped zebras survive the savanna.
So, what have scientists discovered about the zebra’s stripes?
Our adventure into the mysteries surrounding ze-ze-zebra stripes begins!
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【Source】
Martin J. Howa, Johannes M. Zanker, (2013). “Motion camouflage induced by zebra stripes.”

Gábor Horváth et al., (2018). “Experimental evidence that stripes do not cool zebras.”

Harris, R. H. T. P. (1930). "Report on the Bionomics of the Tsetse Fly. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: Provincial Administration of Natal."

Ádám Egri et al., (2012). "Polarotactic tabanids find striped patterns with brightness and/or polarization modulation least attractive: an advantage of zebra stripes."

Tim Caro et al., (2019). "Benefits of zebra stripes: Behaviour of tabanid flies around zebras and horses."

Tim Caro et al., (2014). “The function of zebra stripes.”