What is Cardiac arrhythmia

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Dr.Ashutosh Kumar MD DM FACC FHRS FESC, Sr. Interventional Cardiologist cum Clinical Director Electrophysiology at Care Hospital, Hyderabad explains about Cardiac Arrhythmia.

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Cardiac arrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm or irregular heartbeat. Normally, the heart beats in a regular pattern, with electrical signals controlling the timing and coordination of its contractions. In the case of arrhythmia, the electrical signals may become disrupted, causing the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or in an irregular pattern.

There are various types of cardiac arrhythmias, including:

Tachycardia: This occurs when the heart beats too fast, typically exceeding 100 beats per minute.

Bradycardia: This refers to an abnormally slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute.

Atrial Fibrillation: It is one of the most common types of arrhythmia, where the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat irregularly and out of sync with the lower chambers (ventricles).

Ventricular Fibrillation: This is a life-threatening arrhythmia in which the ventricles quiver instead of pumping blood effectively. It can lead to cardiac arrest if not treated immediately.

Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs): These are extra, abnormal heartbeats that originate in the ventricles.

Supraventricular Tachycardia: This term encompasses several arrhythmias that originate above the ventricles, such as atrial flutter or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT).

Causes of cardiac arrhythmias can vary and may include underlying heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, heart valve problems, congenital heart defects, or previous heart attacks. Other factors that can contribute to arrhythmias include electrolyte imbalances, drug or alcohol abuse, certain medications, stress, caffeine, smoking, and excessive exercise.

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