🥷 Mastering JavaScript's Event Loop: A Visual Breakdown!

JavaScript is single-threaded, but it handles asynchronous tasks efficiently using the Event Loop. If you've ever wondered why Promises execute before setTimeout or how the Call Stack, Web APIs, and Task Queues interact, this post will clear it up!

🔍 Understanding the Event Loop

The Event Loop is the core mechanism that ensures JavaScript runs smoothly, even with asynchronous tasks. It manages:

✅ Call Stack → Executes synchronous code first (functions, loops, variables).
✅ Web APIs → Handles async operations like setTimeout(), fetch(), and DOM events.
✅ Job Queue (Microtasks) → Executes Promises and queueMicrotask() (higher priority).
✅ Task Queue (Macrotasks) → Executes setTimeout(), setInterval(), fetch() responses.
✅ Event Loop → Continuously checks if the Call Stack is empty and moves pending tasks from queues.

📌 Step-by-Step Execution:
1️⃣ first() runs → "First" is printed immediately (sync code).
2️⃣ second() runs → setTimeout() sends the callback to the Web API, which waits (0ms timer).
4️⃣ fourth() runs → "Fourth" is printed immediately (sync code).
5️⃣ Microtask Queue executes → "Third" is printed (higher priority than setTimeout).
6️⃣ Macrotask Queue executes → "Second" is printed (setTimeout callback runs last).

🔥 Key Takeaways

🔹 Synchronous code executes first (Call Stack).
🔹 Promises (Microtasks) execute before setTimeout (Macrotasks).
🔹 Event Loop ensures smooth execution by moving tasks when the Call Stack is empty.

If you've ever been surprised by JavaScript's execution order, this is why!

💬 Did this explanation help? Let’s discuss below! 🚀

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