Understanding the Difference Between import and from import in Python

Discover how `import` and `from import` behave differently in Python and why this matters when working with modules.
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Understanding the Difference Between import and from import in Python

Python is a versatile programming language that facilitates modular programming through its import system. However, many users encounter confusion when dealing with the different ways to import modules—specifically, import and from import. This guide will clarify the difference between these two methods and explain why certain behaviors may seem counterintuitive.

The Basics of Importing in Python

Importing a Module: import

When you use the import statement, you're essentially telling Python to load an entire module. This allows you to access all functions, classes, and variables defined within that module by using the module's namespace.

For example, consider the following:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

In this snippet, the entire mymodule is imported, and you use the module name to access its contents.

Importing Specific Members: from import

On the other hand, the from import statement allows you to import specific functions, classes, or variables directly into your current namespace. This means you can use them without needing to prefix them with the module's name.

For instance:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

In this case, you’re bringing all the public members from mymodule directly into your local scope.

The Real Problem

Understanding the Module's Global Namespace

Both import mymodule and from mymodule import * cause Python to execute the top-level code in the module. This creates a module object and assigns it to a variable in your current namespace with import, or it pulls each name from the module into your local namespace with from import.

The Impact of Scope

Output: Lucky

Output: Happy

Another Way to Visualize

Think of it this way:

Conversely, using from import brings members into your current context but does not swap variables in the original module’s scope unless specified directly.

Analogy

Think of it as borrowing items from a friend's house:

Using import: You go to your friend’s house, borrow their entire collection, and put everything in your own space (you still know it’s theirs).

Using from import: You specifically take only one item from your friend’s collection, and now it’s yours to use casually. But if your friend decides to change it, your item remains unchanged, because it’s only a copy of the original.

Conclusion

Understanding the nuances of how import vs. from import operate is crucial for Python programming. Each method has its advantages and potential pitfalls. By knowing how scoping and namespaces work, you can write cleaner and more efficient code while avoiding subtle bugs.

Next time you write a Python script, take a moment to consider which import method is best suited for your needs!