IGCSE BIOLOGY REVISION [Syllabus 17] - Chromosomes, Genes, Proteins

Today we look at the concepts of chromosomes, genes, and protein synthesis . It is actually quite a hard concept to grasp so I have added this text just to summarize things for you guys.

Chromosomes are made of DNA, and DNA contains codes for protein manufacture. As you are well aware, we have millions of different proteins in our bodies. This means that our DNA must have HEAPS of different codes inside of it to account for all these different proteins.

In a DNA molecule, certain lengths will contain codes for specific proteins. A specific length of DNA which codes of a specific protein is called a GENE. A GENE will contain very specific sequences of bases that a "code" that orders the cell to join certain amino acids in a certain sequence.

The specific sequences of amino acids joined, then, results in a particular protein being formed. This is ALL from the genetic code (i.e. base sequences) stored inside a single gene in the DNA.

[callistomalady]

Personal notes
- Chromosomes, DNA, Gene
- the genes synthesize proteins and the sequence of the amino acids are important
- sequence of amino acids formed are derived from the gene via specific sequences of bases in that gene
- Haploid: two sets of chromosomes i.e. 46 chromosomes altogether
- Diploid: only one set of chromosome i.e. 23 chromosomes altogether
- Mitosis: Nuclear division that gives rise to genetically identical cells, daughter cells have 46 chromosomes each
used for repair, replacement, growth and asexual reproduction
- Meiosis: Nuclear division that gives rise to genetically different cells, daughter cells have 23 chromosomes each
used for production of gametes

[jad]

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[prabhavathysenthil]

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I din't understand the concepts because we r studying at home because of the idiotic coronavirus, but now I do ; )

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[coolkid]

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[thetechrealms]

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[HelloHuman-fzww]

Hey could you please do a more in-depth video of the lymphatic system?

[lxghttt]

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[sushiieats]

woahh!! This video was really helpful for me, I understood everything that you explained in such a short amount of time, thank you!!

[kevinweingarten]

At timestamp 5:38 you have shown a karyotype for Klinefelter’s Syndrome (ie. 47XXY), for clarity, try to include a 46XX or 46XY karyotype. Otherwise, fantastic job!!

[mariazacharias]

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[sainandhana]

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[danawael]

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[zonzon]

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[alitayyiptaskesenligil]

Does this video include the extended curriculum objectives as well? Thanks for the video by the way!

[shailenderkalia]

I have exams from January how should I revise biology

[smartfeaturesandtech]

Can you plz make a video for pedigree diagram

[anonymousidentity]

but why dont 46 chromosomes split in 2 and then 23 chromosomes change to 46 again, like it does to 46 to 92?

[blduckr]

7:05
i'm pretty sure that after dna replication, it's still 46 chromosomes or you can say 92 chromatids.

[aymanmaryam]

In protein synthesis isnt there mRNA and tRNA only mRNA is mentioned