EXTERNAL FEATURES OF SPINAL CORD | SPINAL CORD NEUROAANTOMY -2

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EXTERNAL FEATURES OF SPINAL CORD
In external features of spinal cord we have
SULCI AND GYRI OF SPINAL CORD
The spinal cord has fissure and sulci. The anterior median fissure is located centrally, and the anterior white commissure is present at its base. The posterior median sulcus is present posteriorly, and the posterolateral sulcus is present on either side of it. The anterior nerve roots exit at the anterolateral sulcus. The posterior nerve roots exit at the posterolateral sulcus.The central canal runs between the two halves of the gray matter. It is continuous with the fourth ventricle and contains cerebrospinal fluid.
SPINAL NERVES
Spinal nerves are the major nerves of the body. A total of 31 pairs of spinal nerves control motor, sensory, and other functions. These nerves are located at the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal levels.
SPINAL SEGMENTS
spinal cord is made up of 31 segments: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal. A pair of spinal nerves leaves each segment of the spinal cord.
SPINAL ENLARGEMENTS
The spinal cord expansion that corresponds to the arms is called the cervical enlargement and includes spinal segments C5—T1; the expansion that corresponds to the legs is called the lumbar enlargement and includes spinal segments L2—S3.
CAUDA EQUINA
The cauda equina is the continuation of these nerve roots in the lumbar and sacral region. These nerves send and receive messages to and from the lower limbs and pelvic organs