Understanding Peripheral Arterial Disease

This video contains a visual explanation of peripheral arterial disease, aimed at helping students of medicine and healthcare professionals prepare for exams.

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[dorothybrown]

I am a retired RN, and find this to be an excellent video, easy to understand, and has me hungry for more. Thank you.

[sachtej]

Excellent presentation. Easy to understand, remember, recollect and reproduce. Thanks for sharing.

[minimallyinvasivesurgicalsol]

Awareness is key to saving lives, we support the efforts to educate and provide the patient care.

[sarathw]

I am not a medical student. This is the best video I found so far on Youtube on this subject. Thank you again.

[CarmenDL]

Gonna be a bit long so I apologize now.
I'm from Ontario Canada. Watched this video in November and just revisiting now to say I'm very grateful for this easily explained and very informative video. To make a long story short, on October 15th just past, I had Femoral angioplasty and right Illiac stent surgery and was discharged from the hospital with much pain and couldn't not walk needing assistance. 3 days later I ended up readmitted to hospital another 4 days on Heparin for a large blood clot behind my knee. It wasn't until I came across this video while researching vascular calf/thigh/butt pain symptoms when walking and Dr. "Lingo" to have my Vascular Dr. understand what I kept attempting to explain. I had never heard of Intermittent Claudication and what it was before your video but it was exactly what I was describing.
After seeing your video, I used those words to my Vascular specialist and that is when he told me I also had a 3rd narrowing at 70% located by the back of my knee that was left alone in favour of the Femoral and Iiliac areas. Finally we were on the same page and he scheduled me in for day surgery which I had Dec.13th. QUESTION: WAS THIS BLOOD CLOT CONSIDERED THOMBON OR THROMBOSIS WHICHEVER IT'S CALLED?
CAN'T THANK YOU FOR THIS VIDEO ENOUGH

[miranmuslem]

Amazing video and great way of teaching! Thank you so much!

[wendywellman]

This channel is so very beneficial. Thank you!

[vangelisantoninis]

Inspiring way of teaching! Congratulations!

[ayaosama]

Thank you for making this it's so helpful

[jeffcook]

Wow amazing information, I’ve just suffered 3 TIA’s and have a scan on my neck veins ( apologies for the non technical term) I’m not medically trained. This video will help me better understand what the doctor is talking about and hopefully allow me to ask relevant questions. Thank you.

[fareegreen]

Excellent! Keep 'em comin'! Just love 'em!

[GPHealthandWellbeing]

Very clear and concise information on this important topic. ❤

[AlphaFitness-Health]

Thanks for sharing! Health matters. 🧠💚

[clavo]

Geesh! Don't know how or why this showed up in my YouTube surfing but I'm grateful that it did. I have many of these issues. Now i know to seek out my PAD ratio score.

[aga]

"If you like this video ..." lol
everyone (including me) LOVES your videos !

[deepwithin]

Acute limb ischemia means 6 p's but critical limb ischemia means (rest pain and gangrene or ulcer not healed )

[bartslot]

🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:

00:00 🩸 *Introduction to Peripheral Arterial Disease*
- Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the narrowing of arteries supplying the limbs, reducing blood supply.
- Symptoms include claudication, intermittent crampy pain during exertion, and critical limb ischemia, indicating inadequate blood supply at rest.
- Acute limb ischemia is a rapid onset of limb ischemia, often caused by a thrombus blocking arterial supply.
02:24 🛢️ *Understanding Atherosclerosis*
- Atherosclerosis is the combination of atheromas (fatty deposits) and sclerosis (hardening) in arteries.
- Chronic inflammation and immune system activation lead to lipid deposition, fibrous plaques, and arterial stiffening.
- Plaques cause stenosis, hypertension, and can lead to thrombus formation, resulting in conditions like angina or acute coronary syndrome.
03:40 🚦 *Atherosclerosis Risk Factors*
- Non-modifiable risk factors: older age, family history, and being male.
- Modifiable risk factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and medical comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension).
- Considering these factors is crucial when suspecting atherosclerotic diseases.
05:58 💔 *End Results of Atherosclerosis*
- Atherosclerosis can lead to various conditions, including angina, myocardial infarction, strokes, peripheral arterial disease, and chronic mesenteric ischemia.
06:17 🚶 *Intermittent Claudication in PAD*
- Intermittent claudication presents as predictable crampy pain during walking, relieved by rest.
- Critical limb ischemia exhibits the "six P's": pain, palour, pulseless, paralysis, paresthesia, and perishingly cold.
- Larice syndrome involves thigh claudication, absent femoral pulses, and male impotence.
09:07 🕵️ *Signs of PAD on Examination*
- Look for risk factors like tar staining, xanthomas, and signs of existing cardiovascular disease.
- Palpate various peripheral pulses and use a handheld Doppler if pulses are difficult to feel.
- Inspect for skin changes, muscle wasting, ulcers, and poor wound healing.
10:21 🛏️ *Burger's Test for PAD*
- Burger's test helps assess PAD. The angle at which legs turn pale indicates inadequate blood supply.
- In sitting position, legs in PAD first turn blue and then dark red due to deoxygenation and vasodilation.
- Useful in diagnosing PAD when examining patients with suspected vascular issues.
12:08 💔 *Arterial and Venous Leg Ulcers*
- Arterial ulcers are smaller, deeper, well-defined, occur more peripherally, bleed less, and are painful.
- Venous ulcers are larger, superficial, have irregular borders, occur in the gator area, and are less painful.
- Distinguishing features help determine the type of leg ulcer and guide appropriate management.
13:33 🧪 *Investigations for PAD*
- Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI), duplex ultrasound, and angiography aid in PAD diagnosis.
- ABPI ratios help indicate the severity of PAD, ranging from normal to severe disease.
- These investigations assist in planning appropriate treatment strategies.
15:15 🏃‍♂️ *Management of Intermittent Claudication*
- Lifestyle changes target modifiable risk factors, including smoking cessation and optimal treatment of medical conditions.
- Exercise training, medical treatments (atorvastatin, clopidogrel, aspirin), and vasodilator medications help improve blood flow.
- Surgical options, like angioplasty, endarterectomy, and bypass surgery, may be considered for severe cases.
17:21 ⚠️ *Management of Critical Limb Ischemia*
- Urgent referral to the vascular team is crucial.
- Revascularization through endovascular procedures or surgery may be necessary.
- Amputation might be considered if restoring blood supply is not possible.
17:54 🚨 *Management of Acute Limb Ischemia*
- Urgent referral to the on-call vascular team is essential.
- Management options include endovascular thrombolysis, thrombectomy, surgical thrombectomy, endarterectomy, bypass surgery, or amputation.
- Prompt intervention is vital to restore blood supply and prevent irreversible tissue damage.

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[debrawilson]

I have been diagnosed with this a few months ago. Can someone tell me if intense itching is a symptom? Scratching does not help at all.

[marywalden]

My top of my leg is a reddess color and the bottom is normal color and my left ankle swells and toes turn purple on both feet can a injury cause my left ankle to be worse than my right. I'm fixing to have two types of tests for my left left and dulex arteries check out again what's your opinion on this.

[ropeyarn]

Good. Now lets use these details of deterioration to measure the success of diet and nutrient controls. I have already softened a hardened area of my calves by eating less saturated fats, plus other changes.