Fixing the Parameter index out of range Error When Using SQL in Java

Learn how to resolve the `Parameter index out of range (1 number of parameters, which is 0)` error in your Java application when executing SQL queries with a `LIKE` operator. Get step-by-step instructions to correct your SQL syntax.
---

Visit these links for original content and any more details, such as alternate solutions, latest updates/developments on topic, comments, revision history etc. For example, the original title of the Question was: Parameter index out of range (1 number of parameters, which is 0) error

If anything seems off to you, please feel free to write me at vlogize [AT] gmail [DOT] com.
---
Understanding and Fixing the Parameter index out of range Error in Java SQL

When developing Java applications that interact with databases, it's not uncommon to encounter errors related to SQL query execution. One such issue that developers encounter is the Parameter index out of range (1 > number of parameters, which is 0) error. This can be particularly frustrating, especially when trying to utilize the LIKE operator to search for specific data. In this guide, we'll introduce the problem, explore the cause of this error, and provide a detailed solution.

The Problem: What is the Parameter index out of range Error?

This error occurs when you try to set a parameter in a PreparedStatement, but the index you're using is out of the allowable range. Essentially, you're trying to access a parameter that does not exist. For instance, if you have zero parameters defined in your SQL query but attempt to set the first one, you'll run into this issue.

Example Scenario

Consider the following code snippet that aims to search for book titles in a database:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

In this case, you might expect to parameterize the title search using the LIKE operator. However, the placement of the ? inside quotes results in it being treated as a literal character rather than a placeholder for a parameter.

The Solution: How to Correctly Use the LIKE Operator in SQL

To fix this error, you need to adjust your SQL query. Here's a breakdown of the necessary changes:

Step 1: Remove Backticks and Adjust the LIKE Syntax

You should remove any backticks surrounding the ? within the LIKE clause. The correct way to embed the placeholder in your SQL string should look like this:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Step 2: Bind the Parameter Correctly

Instead of surrounding the placeholder with wildcards (i.e., %), you need to append these wildcards directly in the Java code before binding them to the PreparedStatement:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Full Implementation

Here's the corrected version of your original code:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Conclusion: Avoiding Common SQL Pitfalls

By understanding the cause of the Parameter index out of range error and implementing the corrections outlined above, you can effectively query your database without any issues. Remember that when using PreparedStatements, it’s crucial to ensure that your SQL syntax correctly accommodates parameter placeholders and their usage.

If you find yourself facing similar issues in the future, take a moment to review your SQL syntax and the way parameters are being set, and you’ll save yourself a lot of debugging time.

Happy coding!