The Programming Language Guide

This is NOT another annoying top 10 programming language video. We will talk about how programming languages work including low-level & high-level, compiled, interpreted, etc. We will also talk about some of the popular languages and what they are good for.

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Timestamps:
0:00 - Intro
1:02 - Low-Level vs High Level
1:43 - Machine Language
2:28 - Assembly Language
3:24 - General Purpose Languages
3:52 - C Language
4:47 - Compiled vs Interpreted
6:30 - C++
7:26 - Rust
8:46 - High Level, Interpreted Languages
9:23 - Java
10:50 - Statically Typed vs Dynamic
12:03 - Kotlin
12:58 - C#
14:40 - Go
16:00 - Python
17:20 - Ruby
18:54 - JavaScript
20:58 - PHP
22:37 - Swift
23:35 - Outro

[kevinvikan]

As someone who did struggle for 1 year to learn, I had to come here to say: the best way to learn are books that have interactive content. Those that make you practice what they teach on еach chapter.
And that's what you need as a beginner: practice instead of complex subjects and concepts. Focus on learning your first programming language and everything else will be much easier once you learn.
Edit: For those asking, the books that made me learn were "Javascript In Less Than 50 Pages" and "Head First Javascript Programming".

[AndrewBlucher]

Great vid Brad. I'm a retired University Lecturer, I taught programming for 20 years. IMO you've given a great and unbiased intro to modern programming languages. As you said, you can't cover everything.
For anybody reading who wants to dig deeper, here are a few suggested considerations
- Library support. This is one thing that drives the popularity of Python, and is the bedrock of C and C++.
- Object Oriented or not? OO is not just one concept: every language has it's own concept of OO.
- A few languages that Brad had to leave out: Pascal (mentioned), Fortran, Cobol (yes people still use it).
- Other programming paradigms. Lisp and Prolog are worth learning: they teach you different ways to think.
- Stability. Is the language / framework / environment owned by a corporation that can change it at any time, or is it a Standard?
Getting off Brad's topic, here are some other things to consider.
- Test Driven Development. Check it out, along with criticisms.
- Prototyping / Agile. They are not the same. Check out criticisms. Is Agile a passing fad?
- Learn about preconditions, invariants, post conditions. Read Meyer Object Oriented Software Construction.
- Read Stroustrup The C++ Programming Language. You'll learn heaps, not just C++.
- Learn about debugging. Write your code to be debugable, along with testable.
And now a caution: I've only seen one of Brad's vids and he seems to be thorough and trustworthy. Many other programming YouTubers (and online tutorials) are not, I've seen plenty who just sprout ignorant opinions and wrong "facts". Tutorials are good to get you started, but don't rely on a single source. When you really want to know something, go to (as they say) the source. The official documentation, the original author, the official website.
Final advice: learn multiple languages. Experiment. Write your own interpreter. Have fun :-)

[husainmahmood]

Advice for newer software engineers. The language you use when learning doesn’t matter as much as you might think. Once you grasp the basics of programming, the concepts -> object oriented programming, logical flow (loops, conditional statements (if/else), how memory works (stack/heap), threads (advanced topic), functions/methods etc. Then you can pick up a new language very quickly by just reading the documentation and seeing what the syntax is in that language.

Ex. If you’re using JavaScript, for-loop syntax looks like:

for (let i = 0; i < cars.length; i++) {}

In Swift (iOS programming language):
for i in 0..<cars.length {}

In Java:
for (int i = 0; i < cars.length; i++) {}

In C++:
for (int i = 0; i < cars.length; i++) {}

The only difficulty is learning the quirks of a new language.

Just learn one language at the start and master the concepts, when you start a project where you need to learn a new language, then you learn it while working on it!

[KennyYipCoding]

Almost thought you made one of those top programming language clickbait videos. Good thing I was wrong ! :)

[renujadecosta]

Congratulations Brad for being one of the favourite developers on the State of JavaScript survey 2021❤️❤️

[mattgic]

Hands down you're the best crash course teacher I've ever had the pleasure of knowing. Just wanted to take the time to show my appreciation and admiration for everything you do for us.

[serae]

If you are a beginner and can't decide which language you should start to learn with, I tell you don't worry too much. If you understood one language, you will be able to understand another language pretty much right away. Maybe you will have to look up a few syntax rules, but you won't take more than 3-4 days to also learn another language

[nikomitk]

I learned the assembly language of the 8051 microcontroller in school and it was one of the most useful things I've ever learned regarding technology, cause it absolutely changed the way I understood everything about the way a computer works, and it's given me a huge advantage in university, no matter what programming language.

[dansanger]

These types of videos are very helpful to people who are just getting into or back into software development, or people whose careers have been very siloed. Both apply to me, so thank you.

[alicefraser]

Love the t-shirt Brad! Thanks for another useful video. As a self-taught beginner I'm glad I bumped into you in one of the many many rabbit holes I found myself lost in this year. You've played a huge part in helping me navigate the labyrinth of the web dev / programming scene, and taught me CSS and JS. Always great content, no fluff and to the point. Whenever my brain is ready to cram in some more, you're one of my go-tos and I keep learning thanks to you. Respect.

[moscripts]

This is literally the best guide to programming languages i've ever seen!!...thank you so so much!

[djl]

The 1st ever program I wrote was in machine code using hexadecimal instructions and memory addresses. That was for Intel's 8086 processor :) -- part of an "electronics instrumentation" module for a Bachelor's degree in Physics, way back in 1996!

[animetoonshd]

I'm a newbie programmer who just finished her first year of college. During my first year, I was introduced to 2 courses of python, 1 course of SQL and a final course of Risk V assembly. While I learned a lot in my first year, I feel like I'm behind in terms of knowledge and experience so I decided I'd do something about it this summer. Thank you for this video, I'm sure it's going to be useful.

[venkatkosuri]

Thanks Brad
I got a job as a react js developer fresher just following your videos
Keep sharing front end videos
🙏❤️❤️

[emmanuelAumsuri]

I never found the quality content, and well explainable video like this for programing languages. Thanks so much! Your video is very useful.

[dreamgirltrucking]

I'm searching for a programming language that fits me & it is HARD! I'm 60. It's been 20 years since I taught myself html & created a 200 page website. Geocities was still around when I started "coding". I got away from all that but now I want to build a website that features pets for adoption, has a pet care blog & also let's me sell pet care supplies as an affiliate for various vendors such as Chewy & Jeffers. It appears my goal too complicated, so I have to do it myself. I can barely afford a website & sure can't afford to pay anyone to build a multi-page, multi-functional website that will require updating the pictures & descriptions of animals every 2 to 4 weeks. From watching your video, itlooks like php is the language I need? I'm not real smart, I'm a slow learner, I suffer from CRS &my brain might be kind of cobwebby. So I want to be careful not to bite off more than I can chew & thus fail or die of old age while still trying. What do you think?

[petecapecod]

Great video! You cover many important details about how languages work, and their respective levels. This video is a must watch for anyone getting into coding 💯

[hinkhall]

I have always said to beginners that unless you are developing your own software where you get to pick your stack, the best programming language for you to start out with are the one that the companies in your area are hiring you to code in.

Cause what you want is to get your foot in the door.

After you do it for years then it really doesn’t matter cause what matters is _can you solve problems_ ?

The language then doesn’t matter as much cause you can eventually learn any other language.

[mikev]

I've used assembly language, Fortran, Cobol, PL/1, Pascal, VB Script, C++, C# and several others. C# is easily the best environment. Also, there is another language between assembly code and machine code. It called micro code and defines the CPU functionality.

[jomy-games]

If you want to learn Swift, it has evolved a lot over the years. It can compile to Linux, Windows and WebAssembly. It's used for scripts, backends, etc. The most common use case remains apps for Apple Platforms ofcourse.