0 vs null vs undefined in javascript

in javascript, "0," "null," and "undefined" represent different concepts. "0" is a numeric value that signifies zero; it is a valid number type and can be used in arithmetic operations. on the other hand, "null" is an intentional absence of any object value, often used to indicate that a variable has been explicitly set to have no value. it is an object type and is commonly used in scenarios where a variable is expected to point to an object but currently does not. "undefined," however, signifies that a variable has been declared but has not yet been assigned a value, or it may also occur when a function does not return a value. while "null" and "undefined" both indicate a lack of value, they are used in different contexts, with "undefined" often representing uninitialized variables and "null" denoting the absence of a value by design.
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