Simplification of CFG(Removal of useless productions) | Automata theory and computability (ATC)

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Various languages can efficiently be represented by a context-free grammar. All the grammar are not always optimized. The grammar may consist of some unwanted and useless symbols(non-terminal). Having extra symbols, unnecessarily increase the length of grammar and also those symbols does not lead to derivation of strings. Simplification of grammar produces equivalent cfg that generates the same language.
To simplify CFG, Following are the steps:
1. Eliminate epsilon rules
2. Eliminate unit productions
3. Eliminate useless symbols and productions

Steps to eliminate useless productions and symbols:
1. Elimination of useless productions that do not take part in the derivation of strings
2. Eliminate symbols that are not reachable from start symbol S
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Thanks a lot for such wonderful videos

suprithasingh
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You skipped the variable 'A'....!!?
can I know why...!?

siddharthmishra
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