What was Heavy Artillery in the Civil War?

What was the difference between artillery and heavy artillery units during the American Civil War? Douglas Ullman, Jr. breaks down these "hybrid" units that doubled as artillerists and infantrymen.

The American Battlefield Trust preserves America’s hallowed battlegrounds and educates the public about what happened there and why it matters. We permanently protect these battlefields for future generations as a lasting and tangible memorial to the brave soldiers who fought in the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Civil War.

[cmdrflake]

Artillery was on the cusp of a major step forward in firepower. Between 1898 and 1918 naval ships were increasingly powerful. The Royal Navy and the German grand fleet were in the forefront of naval rifles and torpedoes.
New, more accurate and heavier artillery was required on the stalemated western front.
The French 75 and the German 105 howitzer led the way.

[wyneken]

Ggg-grandpa sat in Fort Crutchfield in Chattanooga for a few months in 1865. 1st MN Heavy Artillery.

[andywindes]

The thing that baffles me about the use of civil war artillery is that (at least as far as I know) it was almost always used in a direct fire role. When I think of the bombardment prior to Pickett's charge and how so many of the rounds went long, it seems to me that it would have been far more effective to use those guns more like a howitzer or a mortar. Using trigonometry, those artillerymen could have dropped every round just where they wanted it instead of relying on crude fuses. I understand that the canons used in a typical battery weren't designed for high angle shooting, but I have to wonder--why not?

[terryeustice]

Great short. I knew most of the time. The heavy Guns were defending Forts. Thanks for sharing 💕💯👍

[crippledcrow]

Petersburg almost wiped out these so called soliders. Grant used them as cannon fodder.

[snodrog]

Someone please inform the presenter about the 1st Maine Heavy Artillery Regiment. Yes, they were issued muskets. No, they weren't 'trained like every other grunt.' Who writes this stuff?