Amino Acid-Introduction and Classification-Biomolecules-Biochemistry-B Pharm 2 Sem-As per PCI

Definition of Proteins or What are proteins
Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules of the living system.
They occur in the every part of the cell and constitute about 50% of the cellular dry weight.
Proteins form the fundamental basis of structure and function of life.
The term protein is derived from a Greek word proteios, meaning first place.
The proteins are nitrogenous macromolecules composed of many amino acids.
“A class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.”
Definition of amino acids or What are Amino Acids
Amino acids are a group of organic compounds containing two functional groups – amino and Carboxyl.
The amino group ( -NH2) is basic while the carboxyl group (-COOH ) is acidic in nature.
Classification of Amino Acids or Types of Amino Acids
Chemical Classification of Amino Acids
Classification of Amino Acids Based on Polarity
. Non polar amino acids
B. Polar Amino Acids with charge on “R” group
Polar amino acids with +ve charge on “R” group:
Polar amino acid with -ve charge on “R” group:
Nutritional Classification of Amino Acids
A). Essential or indispensable amino acids: The amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body and need to be supplied through the diet are called essential amino acids.
Trick to remember name of essential amino acids
B). Non – essential amino acids:
The body can synthesize about 10 amino acids to meet the biological needs, hence they need not be consumed in the diet.
Trick to remember name of non-essential amino acids
C). Semi-essential Amino Acids
Classification Based on their metabolic fate
Glycogenic amino acids
Ketogenic amino acids:
Glycogenic and ketogenic Amino acids
New Amino Acids
Selenocysteine – 21st amino acid
Pyrrolysine – 22 nd amino acid

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