Single Row Functions and Set Operators || Single row & Multi row functions in SQL

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Single row functions are SQL functions that operate on a single row of data at a time and return a single value. These functions can be used to manipulate and format data in a variety of ways, such as changing the case of text, performing mathematical calculations, and manipulating dates and times.

Some examples of single row functions include:

String functions: UPPER, LOWER, SUBSTR, LENGTH, CONCAT
Numeric functions: ROUND, TRUNC, ABS, EXP, SQRT
Date functions: MONTH, YEAR, DAY, TO_DATE, ADD_MONTHS
Set operators in SQL are used to combine or compare the results of two or more SELECT statements. The four main set operators are:

UNION: combines the results of two SELECT statements, eliminating duplicates
UNION ALL: combines the results of two SELECT statements, including duplicates
INTERSECT: returns only the common rows between two SELECT statements
MINUS/EXCEPT: returns the rows that appear in the first SELECT statement but not in the second
Set operators can be useful when working with large databases and when you need to combine or compare data from multiple tables or queries. They allow you to manipulate data in complex ways and extract only the data you need for your analysis or reporting.
Single Row Functions and Set Operators || Single row & Multi row functions in SQL

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