get set godot use the revamped setter and getter functions

in godot engine, the `get` and `set` functions are used to create custom getters and setters for properties in gdscript. this feature allows for better encapsulation and control over how properties are accessed and modified. with the revamped system in godot 4.0, the syntax has become more streamlined and intuitive.

understanding getters and setters

- **getter**: a function that retrieves the value of a property.
- **setter**: a function that sets the value of a property, often with additional logic, such as validation or triggering events.

syntax

creating getters and setters

here’s a step-by-step tutorial on how to create a class with getters and setters.

step 1: define a new class

let's create a simple class called `player` that has a `health` property.

step 2: using the player class

now, let’s see how we can use the `player` class in another script.

explanation of the code

1. **backing field**: the `_health` variable stores the actual health value.
2. **getter**: the `get_health` function retrieves the current health.
3. **setter**: the `set_health` function sets the health value with checks to ensure it remains within valid bounds (0 to 100). if the value is outside this range, it is clamped to the nearest limit.
4. **signal**: a signal `health_changed` is defined to notify other parts of the program when the health changes.
5. **using the class**: in the `_ready` function of another class, we create an instance of `player`, connect to the `health_changed` signal, and demonstrate the use of the getter and setter.

benefits of using getters and setters

- **encapsulation**: you can control how properties are accessed and modified.
- **validation**: setters can include validation logic to ensure that only valid values are assigned.
- **events**: you can trigger events (like signals) when a property chan ...

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