Python lambda functions explained

sure! lambda functions in python are a way to create small anonymous functions (functions without a name) using the `lambda` keyword. they are often used when you need a quick function for a short period and do not want to formally define it using the `def` keyword.

### syntax of lambda functions

the syntax for a lambda function is as follows:

- `lambda` is the keyword that indicates a lambda function.
- `arguments` are the parameters you can pass to the function (similar to those in a regular function).
- `expression` is a single expression that the function evaluates and returns.

### key characteristics of lambda functions

1. **anonymous**: they do not need a name, making them useful for short, throwaway functions.
2. **single expression**: they can only contain a single expression, which is evaluated and returned.
3. **can accept multiple arguments**: you can pass multiple arguments to a lambda function, just like a regular function.

### when to use lambda functions

- when you need a simple function for a short period of time.
- in functions like `map()`, `filter()`, and `sorted()` where you need a function as an argument.
- for quick operations without the overhead of defining a full function.

### example of lambda functions

#### 1. basic example

let's start with a simple example of a lambda function that adds two numbers:

in this example:
- we define a lambda function `add` that takes two arguments `x` and `y` and returns their sum.
- we then call `add(5, 3)`, which returns `8`.

#### 2. using lambda with `map()`

the `map()` function applies a function to all items in an input list. here's how you can use a lambda function with `map()`:

in this example:
- we create a list of numbers and use `map()` to apply a lambda function that squares each number.
- the result is transformed into a list, which contains the squared values.

#### 3. using lambda with `filter()`

the `filter()` function filters elements from a list based on a condition. here' ...

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