What is Making Our Oceans Glow Like This? | Alien Ocean

And my other videos:

Photo manipulations, creative consulting, digital art, and thumbnail by Friscoborn.

Video Sources:

Sources:

Hackett, J. D., Anderson, D. M., Erdner, D. L., & Bhattacharya, D. (2004). Dinoflagellates: a remarkable evolutionary experiment. American Journal of Botany, 91(10), 1523–1534. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1523

ESAIAS, W. E., & CURL, H. C. (1972). EFFECT OF DINOFLAGELLATE BIOLUMINESCENCE ON COPEPOD INGESTION RATES1. Limnology and Oceanography, 17(6), 901–906. doi:10.4319/lo.1972.17.6.0901

Valiadi, M., & Iglesias-Rodriguez, D. (2013). Understanding Bioluminescence in Dinoflagellates—How Far Have We Come? Microorganisms, 1(1), 3–25. doi:10.3390/microorganisms1010003

Abrahams, M. V., & Townsend, L. D. (1993). Bioluminescence in Dinoflagellates: A Test of the Burgular Alarm Hypothesis. Ecology, 74(1), 258–260. doi:10.2307/1939521

Hallegraeff, G. M., Anderson, D. M., & Cembella, A. D. (2003, October 1). Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae (Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology, 11). United Nations Educational.

[OctopusLady]

So OF COURSE I realize I made a mistake AFTER I posted my video. I called creatures that eat dinoflagellates "predators" but they're not predators because dinoflagellates aren't animals! Creatures that eat dinoflagellates are supposed to be called "grazers." I even flash the title of a paper on screen for a few seconds that called them grazers and I still somehow managed to mess that up! ARRRGH. So every time I say something like "predators of dinoflagellates" in this video, pretend I actually said "grazers."

[mrexists]

when i was in the navy, we ran into a glowing algal bloom. it wasn't just the wake that was glowing but there were these little breaker waves that would glow too, so you'd see all these little patches of light as far as you could see, it was truly stunning.

[maddiegogal]

I would love a poison that randomly gives someone an op talent but they won’t know what it is. Like god-tier tuba playing or really good at manicures

[zotfotpiq]

Jim Lovell told a story (it's in apollo 13 which is a great movie if you haven't seen it) about his plane getting damaged in ww2 and he was trying to find his way back to the carrier but the lights were out in his cockpit so he couldn't see the map or instruments. He said it was so dark, when he looked down at the ocean and there was a trail of light. He followed it and it led him back to his carrier. it was the bioluminescent plankton churned up by the props. We live on an amazing planet.

[epiccoolawesomehandle]

i’ve always been incredibly interested in how sometimes certain afflictions can cause neurological problems, like switching up your perceptions and such. but my favorite symptom has got to be “impending sense of doom”, something that can rise from things like overdose or, more interestingly, a faulty blood transfusion! so probably something like that if i were to have my own poison.

[lightbeingform]

A poison that makes people insanely generous when they see good content

[ShinigamiofExcellence]

I personally really like the idea of having a hallucinogenic poison or venom-- preferably venom. Like, something that if you got enough of it, it would off you, but where if you just get a little then it'll make you trip balls. Sounds like it'd be fun.

[renmo]

I went an renewed my library card just so I could check out Below the Edge of Darkness because of you! My love for sea life is reigniting, because I got so discouraged by biology in high school, that I forgot how much I love the infinite possibility of the ocean! Thank you for doing what you do <33

[happyd]

i would SO listen to a podcast by you. you have so much interesting knowledge and you’re so amazing at sharing it!

[chrrmin]

I wonder if horseshoe crabs will one day tell stories of the land vampires that steal their blood

[TheOmega]

i understand fully why you just briefly touched on the whole 'dinoflagellates get chloroplasts a different way than typical algae' but i think its such a cool thing about them so i wanna share with the class: yknow the whole endosymbiont theory of chloroplasts and mitochondria (where a cell vored up a but instead of digesting it they kept em around to produce energy for them)? well thats called *primary* endosymbiosis. now imagine THAT cell gets swallowed by a _different_ cell, but instead of being digested, its kept around cos photosynthesis is pretty darn useful - thats called _secondary_ (=second-hand) endosymbiosis! some dinoflagellates have TERTIARY/THIRD-HAND endosymbiosis! so their choloroplasts are a modified cyanobacterium within a cell, within ANOTHER cell within the dinoflagellate and accordingly have THREE WHOLE MEMBRANE LAYERS surrounding them! but the fun doesnt stop there - theres also dinoflagellates that just straight up *steal* their plastids from other cells which is called 'kleptoplasty' (klepto- meaning steal, and -plasty refering to plastids like chloroplasts)! they hunt down an algal cell, kill it and then take their chloroplasts :o! this is different from endosymbiosis because unlike the russian nesting doll situation of tertiary endosymbiosis, the cell they take the chloroplasts from is killed in the process and not kept around. (side-note: several species of sea-slugs in the genus _Elysia_ also practice kleptoplasty by eating algae and keeping their chloroplasts for themselves and becoming autotrophic for months at a time!)
anyway yeah i just think its neat how everybody wants a piece of that sweet sweet photosynthesis action ;p

[glyphsacks]

A 5-stage poison. The five stages being
1: the victim becomes slightly uneased, just enough for them to be too scared to properly relax, but not enough for them to realise that they are on edge. This lasts for the duration of this poison's effects.
2: after about a month, the victim becomes used to their now heightened sense of anxiety. This is when the next symptom kicks in. The victim loses the ability to taste as well as the ability to feel temperature. This happens slowly at first, so that the victim can just barely notice that they cant taste as well or feel temperature as much before they cant do it at all. Like the previous stage, this symptom stays in effect for the duration of the poison's effects.
3: this is where we really kick in. After about a week, the victim begins to struggle with short term memory. Nothing major, but they will notice that theyve been walking into a room and forgetting why they were there significantly more often than usual. This, once again, lasts the duration of the poison's effects.
Stage 4: after a week, the victim becomes extremely stressed out over literally nothing. This also lasts the duration of the poison's effects.
Stage 5: after a couple days, the victim is incredibly relaxed. This is stacked with the immense stress to make for quite the confusing mental state. Want to lay down? No, you need to panic. Want to panic? I mean ok but there's nothing to worry about and you should instead get some rest. Want to rest? Too bad, there's something that you need to panic about. But why panic when you have nothing to worry about. But theres something to worry about and you need to panic.
Stage 6(?): this goes on for about a year before all the symptoms abruptly stop. The symptoms will all stop immediately and simultaneously. Nothing else comes of this. The poison will take about another day to leave the victim's system.

[davy]

I’ve consistently surfed in them every year and it makes my blacklight tattoo reflect

[BVN-TEXAS]

When I was kid i found that flushing the marine toilet on the boat would light up with all them at night. I remember my dad was like you are going to break the toilet then saw the lights from them glowing as you flush.

It was such a sight with all of us trying to jam in that little bathroom watching the toilet flush.

[PersePixels]

7:49 is a great example of what indigenous knowledge is TBH (marking it for future reference)

[NoodleBear]

I used to live in BC, and even after moving would visit almost every summer, and one summer I had the chance to go swimming with the dinos. Its was the middle of nowhere off the coast of vancouver island, and it was a new moon. So we were in complete and total darkness with a pitch black sky full of stars and a pitch black ocean. But when we got into the ocean and disturbed the water, suddenly it too was full of stars! I cannot even begin to descibe the experience. It was so dark there was no distiction between land and sky, it felt exactly like I was swimming in stars. Best memory ever.

[vryriginalNme]

They have a mild itch in their ENTIRE body, head, legs, arms, intestines, BONES, everything and it doesn't go away for a week

[PisonedFire]

Just found you on TikTok and can't believe you have so few viewers on YouTube! Hope people can see how great your content is!

[PhaseAC]

I'm really happy you're TikTok blew up! You make some amazing educational content, so keep up the good work

Edit: oh and if I had a poison I'd love it to be similar to capsaicin

[jamtartzz]

really love how accessible you make learning!! im an aspiring biologist, and am intimidated by long words and papers. i love how you take so much care to define complicated terms as they come up. you deserve so much more attention!! i would love to know your process for researching videos ^_^