Chemistry & Physics: History of the Atom (Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr Models)

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What does an atom look like? We now picture the atom using the Quantum Mechanical model, but there were many other scientific models that led up to our current understanding. In this video. we discuss the History of the Atom and the various early scientific models of atomic structure. Note! We do not include the ancient Greek scholar Democritus, because his was a "thought experiment" as opposed to a scientific experiment involving measurement.

Chemistry & Physics: History of the Atom (Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr Models)

The scientific model of the atom has undergone steady changes to reflect experimental results, starting with John Dalton's model (1803), to JJ Thomson's model (1897), to Ernest Rutherford's model (1909), to Niels Bohr's model (1913). Our current atomic model, the "quantum mechanical model," will be discussed in a separate video.

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LESSON CHAPTERS:
0:00 John Dalton's model of the atom (1803)
0:54 JJ Thomson's model of the atom (1897) "plum pudding model," cathode rays
2:27 Ernest Rutherford's model of the atom (1909) gold foil experiment
4:20 Niels Bohr's model of the atom (1913) valence electrons, quanta
6:10 Quantum Mechanical model (1920s) - coming soon!

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RECOMMENDED Books & Resources:

Brown and LeMay Chemistry: The Central Science

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Written and Produced by Kimberly Hatch Harrison

About our instructor:
Kimberly Hatch Harrison received degrees in Biology and English Literature from Caltech before working in pharmaceuticals research, developing drugs for autoimmune disorders. She continued her studies in Molecular Biology (focusing on Immunology and Neurobiology) at Princeton University, where she began teaching as a graduate student. Her success in teaching convinced her to leave the glamorous world of biology research and turn to teaching full-time, accepting a position at an exclusive prep school, where she taught biology and chemistry for eight years. Kimberly co-founded Socratica Studios.

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Creative Commons picture credits:

Bohr Model
Author: Sadi Carnot

Helium atom
author: Yzmo

Rutherford model
Author: Bensteele1995

Planetary model
Author: Fastfission

Cathode Ray tubes
Author: D-Kuru

JJ Thomson's Cathode Ray Tube with magnet coils
Author: Mrjohncummings

JJ Thomson's drawing of a Cathode Ray tube with plates
and animation of cathode ray being deflected by electric field
Author: Kurzon (public domain)

#Chemistry #Atom #EducationalVideo

[benoe]

my science teacher 6 years later.... :

[nnmott]

My 6 year old watched this and wanted comment and say " it was really interesting. I liked the little owl minion that was hiding." She liked the bohr model electrons spinning. It kept her interested the whole way through. She knows that this was about atoms. When I asked what are atoms she replied " particles that we're made out of". Great job!!

[des]

I usually don't comment but thank you so much. Tomorrow's my test and I studied nothing all day and I just opened the book and I was like what is this lol. I don't really get what my teacher says so here I am. I watched your other videos too and it helped a lot. Again thank you so much for this. Please keep making more like these.

[JS-lsmh]

thank you soooo much for this amazing work. i hate chemistry because i ll never get it in lecture or somewhere else but you explanation is awesome and very understandable it helps me so much with revision for the final exams,

THANK YOU SO MUCH!!!

[arujbudhraja]

Thank You, Maam!
Helps a lot. I hope your channel grows further.

Greetings from India!

[老奴在]

this is the first vid that makes me get about history of the atom. I need more. you've done a great help, thanks

[ericdew]

What happened with Mendeleev? The dude predicted the whole chemical properties of all the atoms.

[imranjan]

It's very easy to understand
Thank you so much

[SchokoFondu]

Where can I find the video about the quantum mechanical model?

[dahlia]

This video has a lot of informations and also a good summary about every scientist and his own experiment.
Thank you.

[kaikaikitan]

you make science so much easier to understand and more enjoyable for me :)

[SevenDeMagnus]

Hi. I love her, I love this professor:-) I feel like I'm approaching heaven. I love all Socratica narrators and profs of course. God bless, Proverbs 31

[SanderKonijnenberg]

3:56 I think it's important to realize that the attractive force between the positive nucleus and the negative electron was never considered a problem with Rutherford's model. It was already known from Newton's time why the Moon doesn't crash into the Earth despite the attractive gravitational force between the two. The problem was that classical electrodynamics predicted that an orbiting electron would emit electromagnetic radiation, thereby losing kinetic energy, which causes it to spiral into the nucleus. Bohr's model didn't really 'solve' this problem: it simply postulated that it doesn't happen. Its great success was that it could quantitatively explain the spectral lines of elements, and that it correctly predicts the value of Rydberg's constant, which was only known from empirical observations at the time.

[SBala-wyxc]

Your explanation is indeed great, simple and elegant. TQ

[elsabautista]

We have to listen, and try hard on understanding them, so that when we have his/her quiz, he/she will have the highest score on their lessons. Thanks

[Patrick-cyzh]

Does that Greek word at the top right spell out Socratica?

[leonaanimah]

U guys have forgotten Democritus.he is the first not Dalton

[afzalmbakshi]

Energy is the ability to do work . But the closer to the nucleus the electron moves faster ... then the ability to do work increases ... then the electron close to the atom should have higher energy??? is it ???

[tindo]

what software did you use to make video It looks so nice!

[learnphysicsinhausalphtv]

where can i get the quantum mechanical model