Basics of C Programming Language for Beginners #c_programming_language

1. Introduction to C Programming
• What is C programming?
• History and features of C
• Setting up the development environment (IDE)
• Writing your first C program (Hello World)
• Structure of a C program (main function, preprocessor directives)
2. Data Types and Variables
• Basic data types (int, char, float, double)
• Type modifiers (short, long, signed, unsigned)
• Declaring and initializing variables
• Constants and literals
3. Input and Output in C
• Using printf() and scanf() functions
• Formatting specifiers
• Handling basic input/output
4. Operators in C
• Arithmetic operators
• Relational and logical operators
• Assignment and bitwise operators
• Increment and decrement operators
• Precedence and associativity
5. Decision-Making Statements
• if, if-else, else-if ladder
• Nested if statements
• switch case statements
6. Looping Statements
• for loop
• while loop
• do-while loop
• break and continue statements
7. Functions
• Defining and calling functions
• Return types and void functions
• Function parameters (call by value)
• Recursion
• Scope and lifetime of variables in functions
8. Storage Classes
• auto
• static
• extern
• register
9. Arrays
• Declaring and initializing arrays
• One-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays
• Array traversal and manipulation
10. Pointers
• Basics of pointers (memory address and dereferencing)
• Pointer arithmetic
• Pointers and arrays
• Pointers and functions (call by reference)
11. Strings
• Declaring and initializing strings
• Standard string handling functions (strlen, strcpy, strcat, strcmp)
• String I/O using gets() and puts()
12. Dynamic Memory Management
• Memory allocation (malloc, calloc)
• Reallocation and freeing memory (realloc, free)
13. Structures and Unions
• Defining and using structures
• Array of structures
• Pointers to structures
• Nested structures
• Introduction to unions and difference from structures