GCSE Biology - DNA Part 1 | Chromosomes & Genome

*** WHAT'S COVERED ***
1. DNA and Chromosomes
* Definition and double helix structure of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid).
* How long strands of DNA are coiled up to form structures called chromosomes.
* The number of chromosomes in human body cells (46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs).
* How sex is determined by the 23rd chromosome pair (XX for female, XY for male).
* The appearance of chromosomes before cell division.
2. Genes
* Definition of a gene as a small section of DNA on a chromosome.
* How each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein.
* The link between proteins produced and the type/function of a cell.
3. Genomes
* Definition of a genome as the entire genetic material of an organism.
* The importance of understanding the human genome.
* Applications including identifying genes linked to inherited diseases or disease risk, and understanding human evolution and migration.

*** CHAPTERS ***
0:00 Introduction
0:23 What is DNA?
0:48 Chromosomes
1:44 Sex Chromosomes
2:05 Chromosome Structure
2:28 What is a Gene?
3:31 What is a Genome?
4:02 Applications of Genome Sequencing

*** PLAYLISTS ***

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DNA is the foundation of life, shaping everything from the color of your eyes to how your body functions. Imagine it as a long, twisted ladder inside every living cell, carrying genetic instructions that determine traits and biological processes.

Each rung of the DNA ladder consists of four molecules—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)—which pair up in a specific way: A always connects with T, and C always pairs with G. This unique arrangement encodes the blueprint for life, much like letters forming words in a book.

DNA can copy itself, ensuring genetic information is passed from one generation to the next. It also guides the production of proteins, which serve as the building blocks for muscles, enzymes, and everything your body needs to survive. Without DNA, life as we know it wouldn’t exist.

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