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Trade Barriers

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Although today’s consumers usually don’t care where the products they buy come from, national governments have traditionally preferred that consumers buy domestically made products in hopes that such purchases would increase the number of domestic businesses and workers. In fact, governments have done much more than hope that you will buy from domestic companies.
Historically, governments have actively used trade barriers to make it much more expensive or difficult (or sometimes impossible) for consumers to buy or consume imported goods. Protectionism is a government’s use of trade barriers to shield domestic companies and their workers from foreign competition.
Governments have used two general kinds of trade barriers: tariff and nontariff barriers. A tariff is a direct tax on imported goods. Tariffs increase the cost of imported goods relative to that of domestic goods.
Nontariff barriers are nontax methods of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods. There are five types of nontariff barriers: quotas, voluntary export restraints, government import standards, government subsidies, and customs valuation/classification.
Historically, governments have actively used trade barriers to make it much more expensive or difficult (or sometimes impossible) for consumers to buy or consume imported goods. Protectionism is a government’s use of trade barriers to shield domestic companies and their workers from foreign competition.
Governments have used two general kinds of trade barriers: tariff and nontariff barriers. A tariff is a direct tax on imported goods. Tariffs increase the cost of imported goods relative to that of domestic goods.
Nontariff barriers are nontax methods of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods. There are five types of nontariff barriers: quotas, voluntary export restraints, government import standards, government subsidies, and customs valuation/classification.
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