python exception handling tutorial for beginners

sure! exception handling in python is an essential concept that allows programmers to manage errors gracefully without crashing the program. this tutorial will introduce you to the basics of exception handling in python, including the use of `try`, `except`, `else`, and `finally` blocks.

what are exceptions?

an exception is an event that occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal flow of instructions. when an exception is raised, python will stop executing the current block of code and look for a way to handle the error.

common exceptions include:
- `zerodivisionerror`: raised when a division by zero occurs.
- `valueerror`: raised when a function receives an argument of the right type but inappropriate value.
- `typeerror`: raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of inappropriate type.
- `filenotfounderror`: raised when trying to open a file that does not exist.

basic exception handling

the basic structure for handling exceptions in python involves the `try` and `except` blocks.

multiple except blocks

you can handle different exceptions with multiple `except` blocks.

the `else` clause

the `else` block can be used to specify a block of code that will run if the `try` block does not raise an exception.

the `finally` clause

the `finally` block will execute no matter what, even if an exception was raised or not. it is often used for cleanup actions.

raising exceptions

you can also raise exceptions intentionally using the `raise` keyword.

custom exceptions

you can create your own exception classes by subclassing the built-in `exception` class.

summary

1. use `try` to wrap code that may raise exceptions.
2. use `except` to define how to handle specific exceptions.
3. use `else` to run code if no exceptions are raised.
4. use `finally` to run cleanup code regardless of an exception.
5. use `raise` to throw exceptions, and create custom exceptions when needed.

by mastering exception handling, ...

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