And variable scopes in python

certainly! in python, variable scope refers to the region of a program where a variable is accessible. understanding variable scope is crucial for managing data in your programs and avoiding potential issues with variable conflicts. there are four main types of variable scopes in python: local, enclosing, global, and built-in.

### 1. local scope
a variable declared within a function is considered to be in the local scope of that function. it can only be accessed within that function.

### 2. enclosing scope
this scope is related to nested functions. a variable defined in the enclosing function can be accessed in the nested function but not in the global scope.

### 3. global scope
a variable declared at the top level of a script or module is considered to be in the global scope. it can be accessed from any function within that module.

to modify a global variable within a function, you need to use the `global` keyword.

### 4. built-in scope
these are names that are pre-defined in python, such as `print()`, `len()`, `list()`, etc. you can use them anywhere in your program.

### scope resolution: legb rule
python follows the legb rule for resolving variable scope, which stands for:
- **l**ocal: names assigned within a function.
- **e**nclosing: names in the local scope of enclosing functions.
- **g**lobal: names assigned at the top level of a module or declared global in a function.
- **b**uilt-in: names preassigned in the built-in namespace.

### example demonstrating variable scopes

### output:

### conclusion
understanding variable scopes in python helps you manage your variables effectively and avoid unintended modifications or conflicts. always remember to declare global variables properly when you intend to modify them within functions. by following the legb rule, you can predict which variable will be referenced in different parts of your code.

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