#7 Method Overloading & Overriding in python ||polymorphism in python||In Telugu#pythonforbeginners

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0:00 - Intorduction
0:18 - what is method overloading?
5:05 - what is method overriding?
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In Python, method overloading and overriding are two important concepts in object-oriented programming. They allow developers to define methods that are either similar in name but different in behavior or to extend/modify the behavior of inherited methods. Let's explore each concept with examples.

### Method Overloading

**Method overloading** is a feature that allows a class to have multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Python does not support method overloading directly as some other languages like Java or C++. However, you can achieve a similar effect by using default arguments or variable-length argument lists.

#### Example using default arguments:
```python
class Calculator:
def add(self, a, b=0, c=0):
return a + b + c

calc = Calculator()
```

In this example, the `add` method can be called with either two or three arguments. The default value of `b` and `c` is set to 0, making it flexible to handle different numbers of arguments.

#### Example using variable-length arguments:
```python
class Calculator:
def add(self, *args):
return sum(args)

calc = Calculator()
```

Here, the `add` method uses `*args` to accept a variable number of arguments. This approach allows you to call the method with any number of arguments.

### Method Overriding

**Method overriding** occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass. The subclass method has the same name, parameters, and return type as the method in the superclass. This allows the subclass to customize or extend the behavior of the superclass method.

#### Example of method overriding:
```python
class Animal:
def speak(self):
return "Generic animal sound"

class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Bark"

class Cat(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Meow"

generic_animal = Animal()
dog = Dog()
cat = Cat()

```

In this example, the `Animal` class has a method `speak`. The `Dog` and `Cat` classes override this method to provide their specific implementations. When calling `speak` on instances of `Dog` and `Cat`, the overridden method in the respective subclass is executed instead of the one in the superclass.

### Summary
- **Method Overloading**: Allows methods to have the same name but different parameters. Python achieves this through default arguments or variable-length arguments.
- **Method Overriding**: Allows a subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass. This is used to extend or modify the behavior of inherited methods.