The First Few Minutes of the Universe

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Today in the universe, major changes take billions of years—in the beginning, they happened a millisecond after the Big Bang began, then a second later, then a minute later. These changes are due to temperatures and their effects on the building blocks of the universe. Grab a bottle of SPF four quadrillion sunblock; it's a hot time in the old universe tonight.

00:00 The Basic Building Blocks of the Universe
04:34 A Major Transition in the Early Universe
08:50 The Formation of Protons and Neutrons
13:01 Equilibrium of Matter and Antimatter Is Disrupted
17:20 Electromagnetic Radiation and Neutrinos
20:31 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
24:22 Why Did Nucleosynthesis Stop?

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[stylembonkers]

Itself is amazing enough. How they figured it out is just as amazing.

[CA]

Thank you for making this.. finally a series that makes it much easier to understand the wonders of our universe.

[kainajones]

BRILLIANT!!! FINALLY! After so many years, someone explains it concisely, clearly, and comprehensively. Bravo!!

[yasinnabi]

So good to watch nice videos like this .thanks for sharing, .,.

[chrisdooley]

Fantastic no frills presentation. Well done 👍🏼

[simonmcgrath]

I've read The First 3 Minutes and it's a brilliant book written in 1976/7 and it was/ is such a fundamental read and it's such a fantastic read!! Just imagine how hot a Quadrillion Degrees is and then add another 19 powers of ten and that's the Planck Temperature which is 10^35 which is truly incredible!!!!

[thedoanzone]

One billionth of a second into this video all the atoms in my brain collided and it's now just cold mush...

[KingBritish]

I like this guys presentation and how he speaks 👍🏻

[jamesraymond]

Good lecture. "Clerk" in James Clerk Maxwell is pronounced "Clark".

[tonyparatore]

It's really mind blowing... I was wondering... Where did all the information come from... I mean, was the information present before the big bang and so permitted all the steps for the creation of all the particles, or did the information just arise little by little as time passed... And if so, how can that be possible???

[Rosemary-zhcp]

This video has cleared up and filled in many missing details -- most especially (!) in explaining why, in QCD, positively charged protons are able to remain in close proximity despite their like charge. I've never before heard that it is because the like and opposite color charges of the quarks mostly cancel each other out, such that the "mere" residual force is enough to hold the protons and neutrons together. Another mind blower was to hear that quarks exert 10 tons of force on one another! Whenever this subject was addressed in other physics podcasts, the amount of force exerted was said to be 20 kg. I thought THAT was unimaginable...but--10 tons! Thank you for including so much precision in this recording. You managed to make the information accessible, without oversimplification. Additional comment: I'm re-reading the transcript, another thing you've cleared up is how the ratio of matter to anti-matter was calculated. The ratio is constantly referred to, but never explained. It's not a difficult concept, and I'm overjoyed to understand it.

[oddsman]

I just want to remind everyone that for any of this to be accurate, you need to believe in something that is both infinitely small and infinitely dense and use dark magic to balance the equations. In other words, there’s still much to learn.

[deneme]

If the explosion point in the first moment of the universe consisted of pure energy, how did the non-existent parts form and how did they collide?

[josephhall]

I always thought it was the large Hadron collider, since they use rather big hadrons.

[teashea]

This is very well done - very well organized with an efficient and clear presentation.

[richb]

I thoroughly enjoyed this video. Thank you for sharing this information.

[biniyamabraham]

concise and clearly detailed presentation.

[charliekim]

I, an arm-chair physicist not particularly interested in *current* physics, remember it was talked about quarks having fractional electric charge like 1/3, 2/3 (and zero?) Is it still believed to be true? Or, is there any new theory of quark charges? Any answer to why all electrons are same? Wheeler once explained why but it doesn't sound right.

[joelw]

Nicely prepared & presented, thanks

[shoilee]

I do not get it. Everyone says as the universe expands in the first few minutes the temperature drops. I totally disagree with this view. In the beginning everything was so packed, there was not enough energy level available for the universe to have too many forms. Everything is in an orderly fashion. As the universe expands more space is available for variations of energy levels, thus the universe becomes more chaotic. When the universe moves from orderly to chaotic, the temperature rises by definition.