The Hindu Newspaper Analysis LIVE | 16th April 2024 | UPSC Current Affairs Today | Unacademy IAS

Embark on your UPSC journey with comprehensive insights into current affairs through 'The Hindu' Analysis by Sarmad Mehraj In this video, we dissect crucial headlines, providing you with a strategic understanding of the news relevant to UPSC preparation.
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00:00 - Intro
00:58 - Siachen: 40 years of Operation Meghdoot 
14:55 -SC dismisses plea to help displaced Manipuris
26:06 - New data law, a barrier to journalistic free speech
38:03 - Indian officials will be allowed to meet detained crew ‘soon’: Iran
42:25 - Parkinson's
45:42 - Poll fervour peaks in Andaman in run-up to April 19; to booths, by road, sea, and foot
52:12 - What share of global CO₂ emissions come from aviation?

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The Video contains details on the following topics:
1. What is Siachen and Sir Creek?
2. Kukis vs Meiteis conflict in Manipur. What is going on in Manipur?
3. Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 - concerns on freedom of press.
4. Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963.
5. What is Parkinson's Disease/Disorder?
6. Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG's)
7. Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming & Climate Change.

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[UnacademyIASEnglish]

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[kmaperture]

Q.1. The Shimla Agreement, signed in 1972 between India and Pakistan following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, aimed to normalize relations between the two countries. It altered the relationship in several key ways:

1. **Bilateralism**: The agreement emphasized resolving disputes through bilateral negotiations, effectively sidelining third-party intervention. This shifted the dynamics of conflict resolution from international forums to direct talks between the two nations.

2. **Territorial Issues**: It addressed the issue of prisoners of war and territorial disputes arising from the conflict, particularly the situation in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Both countries committed to resolving these issues peacefully and through mutual discussions.

3. **Security and Peace**: The agreement emphasized the principle of non-interference in each other's internal affairs and mutual respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity. This laid the foundation for promoting stability and peace in the region.

4. **Normalization of Relations**: By agreeing to put aside the bitterness of the war and work towards normalizing relations, the Shimla Agreement paved the way for confidence-building measures between the two countries. This included cultural exchanges, trade, and people-to-people contacts.

5. **Long-term Implications**: Despite its intentions, the Shimla Agreement did not fully resolve the underlying issues between India and Pakistan. The Kashmir dispute, in particular, remained unresolved, leading to further tensions and conflicts in the subsequent decades.

Overall, while the Shimla Agreement provided a framework for addressing immediate post-war concerns and fostering dialogue between India and Pakistan, its long-term impact on the relationship has been mixed. Despite periodic efforts at peace and reconciliation, underlying tensions and unresolved disputes continue to strain relations between the two nations.

Q.2. While aviation contributes to a relatively small percentage of global carbon emissions compared to other sectors, its effects on the environment are significant and wide-ranging. Here's why:

1. **High Altitude Emissions**: Aircraft emit greenhouse gases and other pollutants directly into the upper atmosphere where they have a disproportionate impact on climate change. These emissions, particularly of carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter, contribute to the formation of ozone and other greenhouse gases, exacerbating the greenhouse effect.

2. **Climate Forcing**: Aviation emissions contribute not only to global warming but also to climate forcing, which alters atmospheric composition and influences weather patterns. For example, contrails and cirrus clouds formed from aircraft emissions can trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to localized warming effects.

3. **Aerosol Formation**: Aircraft emissions also contribute to the formation of aerosols, tiny particles suspended in the atmosphere. Aerosols can have both cooling and warming effects on the climate, depending on their composition and location. They can also impact air quality and human health, especially in densely populated areas near airports.

4. **Environmental Impact Beyond Carbon**: In addition to carbon emissions, aviation activities have other environmental impacts, including noise pollution, habitat disruption, and biodiversity loss. Aircraft noise can disturb wildlife and human communities, while airport expansion and construction can lead to habitat destruction and fragmentation.

5. **Global Connectivity**: The growth of air travel has led to increased global connectivity, which has both positive and negative environmental consequences. While aviation facilitates economic development and cultural exchange, it also contributes to increased energy consumption, resource depletion, and environmental degradation, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas.

Overall, while aviation's direct contribution to carbon emissions may be relatively small, its broader environmental effects are significant and must be addressed through measures such as improved fuel efficiency, technological innovation, sustainable aviation fuels, and policies to reduce air travel demand and emissions.

[SurajsinghJarwal]

Unacademy it's a request to assign more daily analysis lectures to Sarmad Sir. He keeps his discussion up to the point which helps us to analyse it better.

[reshwarrathod]

Marvelous gem he is. For the first time saw sarmad sir class in BYJUS as Target prelims. Most of the questions almost appeared in exam. Request uncademy to start such courses. Sarmad sir is the best tutor for polity.

[ghanshyammishra]

Thank you so much to Unacademy and Mr Sarmad Mehraj Sir for conducted fantastic The Hindu Analysis, There are no substitute of Sarmad sir right now in the India. May God bless Sarmad sir.

[pi-nnqg]

Watched 💫
Notes taken
Revised
Answer of practice que written
Thanks wish 🤞u may take everyday analysis please.
Grateful to learn from u 😊 tysm ✨️

[Vicky_Hrim]

Admit guys, we are here only for Sirmad Sir😊

[Sakprmro]

Sir you and Economic sir both are have superb teaching skills really I'm fan of both .

[amitchakraborty]

It's always enriching to watch your lectures.❤ Thank you so much! Please take more classes before prelims

[Jessypinkman]

Hello unacademy,
Please continue this series on daily basis sir by sarmad mehraj sir 🙏🏻

[manjaakashakku]

Make video on all imp supreme high court judgement

[manognaoraganti]

Thankyou for covering background information ....very informative 👍

[MukeshKumar-nwpm]

it was amazing session sir love you sir jai hind sir

[shibilinshibilinkerala]

Sir… Try to avoid red pen on black board 👍

[astudenT]

thank u unacademy for providing us such great lecturers

[divyasingh-llxx]

The value of knowledge we have learned from you🌷it seems that your words touch the soul ✨ it's like our wishes have come true :⁠-:⁠-⁠(thankyou so much)

[-AkhilTej-]

⚪🔵 Great initiative of conducting daily Newspaper 📰 analysis ⚪🔵

Thank you sir 🙏🤍💙

[pi-nnqg]

Q1. How did the shimla agreement alter the relationship btw India and pak ? ( 250 words)

Ans.
Intro -
- Shimla agreement was singned on 02nd July 1972, btw India and pak following the indo - pak war 1971 had signifiacnt impact on the relationship.

Body:-

1) Establishment of framework for peaceful bilateral relations : -

-Shimla ageeement crataed a framework for resolving disputes through peacful means & bilateral negotiations

- it emphasized on the importance of maintaining peacful realtions & fostering an atmosphere of trust btw indian & pak

2) Resolutions of pprisioner of war issues -

- shimla agreement Called fo release and repatriation of prisioners of war from both sides thus helping to alleviate tensions & promote goodwill

Eg : -India released 93000 Pakistani prisoners of war (POWs) who were captured after the Bangladesh war

- This step was taken crucially to reduce the hostility & rebuilding confidence btw India & pak

3) Return of captured territories & Establishment of line of control (LOC):

- The shimla agreement addressed the issue of captured territories during the war & established the LoC

- Both countries agreed to respect the LoC as a defacto border, preventing further military escalation & proving stability to the region.

Eg: - The ceasefire line of December 17th 1971 (after the Bangladesh War) shall be respected and reiterated as the Line of Control

4) Commitment of peaceful resolution of the Kashmir issue:

-Shimla agreement emphasised revolving the kashmir dispute through peacful means & bilateral dialogue

- It recognised that the final resolution will be sought bilaterlly w/o the involvement of external parties.

5) Foundation for future diplomatic effects -

- Shinla agreement laid the groundwork for future diplomatic initiatives btw India & Pak

- it served as references pont for subsequent negotiations s & discussions on various issues including kashmir

Eg : Lahore declaration in 1999 & the composite dialogue process were built on the principle & spirit of. Shimla agreement .

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[pi-nnqg]

Q2. While aviation shares of global Co2 emission relatively small compared to other sectors it is contributing to global warming is significant when considering the broader range of emissions and their atmospheric efforts .Discuss ( 250 words)

Ans.

Intro:-

Aviation while accounting for a relatively small share of global Co2 emissions & their atmospheric efforts .

Body :

1) Co2 emission aviation :

- whike aviation is repso dible for around 2 to 3% of global CO2 emissions its impact is amplified due to higher altitude release of emissions .

- CO2 emission from aviation contribute to gren house effect trapping heat in the environment and contributing to global warming

- Co2 has long life span therefore effecting the acceleration of global warming .

2) non- CO2 emissions from aviation - non Co2 emissions eg. NOx, water vapour & contrails have significant impact on global warming

- NOx emissions from a/c engines contribute to the formation of O3. a potent GHG, water vapour & contrails also have warming effect by trapping heat in the armosphere

3) Radiative forcing and avaition emissions:

- Raditaive forcing is measure of influence of a factor on the energy balance of Earth's climate sys.

- The combination of Co2 emissions, non Co2 emissions & their atmospheric effect increase the warming potention of aviation emissions.

4) Indirect efforts of aviation emissions:

- aviation emissions can have indirect effects on climate change through the formation of *cirrus clouds* which have a warming effect.

- contrails formed by water vapour emissions from a/c can persist & spread forming cirrus clouds that trap heat contibuti g to global warming.

5) Mitigation Efforts & future prospects :

- the aviation industry has been taking steps to reduce it's environmental impact such as improving fueled efficiency, investing in sustainable avaition fuels & implementing operational measures.

- future prospects includes more development of fly by wire a/c's & exploration of alternative propulsion technologies which could further reduce emissions.
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[tirthpasari]

I saw every video of newspaper analysis but this was a clear cut video for my prerparation.