scope of variables in python

understanding variable scope in python: a comprehensive tutorial
in python, variable scope refers to the region of the code where a variable is accessible or visible. the scope of a variable is crucial for understanding how data is stored and manipulated in different parts of your program. in python, there are mainly two types of variable scope: global and local. this tutorial will cover both types of variable scope with clear examples.
variables declared outside of any function or block have a global scope. they are accessible throughout the entire program.
in this example, global_variable is accessible both outside and inside the function print_global_variable.
variables declared inside a function have a local scope. they are only accessible within that specific function.
here, local_variable is only accessible within the print_local_variable function. attempting to access it outside the function will result in an error.
to modify a global variable from within a function, the global keyword is used.
in this example, the modify_global_variable function uses the global keyword to modify the value of the global variable.
when dealing with nested functions, the nonlocal keyword is used to access and modify variables from the enclosing (non-global) scope.
here, outer_variable is modified within the inner_function using the nonlocal keyword.
understanding variable scope in python is crucial for writing clean, modular, and maintainable code. by carefully managing variable scope, you can avoid naming conflicts and unintended side effects in your programs.
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