Access Modifiers in Java

Access modifiers in Java are keywords used to set the visibility or accessibility of classes, methods, and fields. They control which classes can access, instantiate, or inherit from other classes, and which methods and fields can be accessed or modified. Java provides four main access modifiers:

Public (public):

The most open access level.
A public class, method, or field can be accessed by any other class.

Protected (protected):

Accessible within the same package and by subclasses, even if they are in a different package.

Default (Package-Private, no modifier):

Accessible within the same package.
If no access modifier is specified, the default access level is package-private.

Private (private):

The most restrictive access level.
Accessible only within the same class.Access Modifiers with Class Members:
Fields:

The access modifier specifies the visibility of a field.
Fields are typically private to encapsulate the internal state of a class.
Methods:

The access modifier specifies the visibility of a method.
Methods can have different access levels based on the needs of the class.
Classes:

The access modifier specifies the visibility of a class.
Classes can be public (visible outside the package) or default/package-private (visible only within the same package).

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