Legal English Crime Masterclass: Understanding the Language of Law

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Welcome to LearningEnglishPRO! In this comprehensive lesson, we're diving deep into the world of legal English vocabulary. Whether you're a law student, a legal professional, or just interested in understanding legal terminology, this lesson is designed for you.

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Vocabulary, Definitions and Sentence Examples:

Affidavit: A written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in court.
Example: "The witness submitted an affidavit to support her testimony."

Alibi: A claim that one was elsewhere when a crime was committed.
Example: "The defendant's alibi was that he was at a business meeting during the time of the robbery."

Appeal: Apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court. "The lawyer decided to appeal the case after the unfavorable verdict."

Arraignment: The act of calling someone before a court to answer a criminal charge. "During the arraignment, the defendant pleaded not guilty."

Bail: The temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes on condition that a sum of money is lodged to guarantee their appearance in court. "The judge set bail at $10,000."

Barrister: A lawyer entitled to practice as an advocate, particularly in higher courts. "The barrister presented a compelling argument in court."

Brief: A written statement submitted in a trial or appellate proceeding that explains one side's legal and factual arguments. "The attorney prepared a detailed brief for the upcoming case."

Case Law: Law established by the outcome of former cases. "The lawyer cited case law to support his argument."

Complaint: A formal legal document that sets out the facts and legal reasons for a lawsuit. "The plaintiff filed a complaint against the company for breach of contract."

Contract: A written or spoken agreement that is enforceable by law. "Both parties signed the contract to formalize their business agreement."

Conviction: A formal declaration that someone is guilty of a criminal offense.
"The conviction was based on overwhelming evidence."

Cross-examination: The questioning of a witness by the opposing party during a trial. "The defense attorney's cross-examination was intense and thorough."

Defendant: An individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law. "The defendant maintained his innocence throughout the trial."

Deposition: The process of giving sworn evidence. "The deposition was recorded and will be used in court."

Due Process: Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement. "The defendant's right to due process was upheld."

Habeas Corpus: A writ requiring a person to be brought before a judge or court. "The lawyer filed a habeas corpus petition on behalf of the detained individual."

Injunction: An authoritative warning or order. "The court issued an injunction to prevent further environmental damage."

Jury: A group of people sworn to render a verdict in a trial based on evidence presented. "The jury deliberated for hours before reaching a verdict."

Litigation: The process of taking legal action. "The company faced litigation over patent infringement."

Mediation: Intervention in a dispute to resolve it. "The case went to mediation before reaching the courtroom."

Paralegal: A person trained in subsidiary legal matters but not fully qualified as a lawyer. "The paralegal assisted the attorney in preparing for the trial."

Plaintiff: A person who brings a case against another in a court of law. "The plaintiff alleged that the company had violated the contract."

Plea Bargain: An agreement in a criminal case where the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge. "The defendant accepted a plea bargain to avoid a lengthy trial."

Probate: The official proving of a will. "The probate process was completed smoothly, and the estate was distributed."

Prosecutor: A legal representative who brings charges against a suspect in a criminal case. "The prosecutor presented the evidence against the accused."

Statute: A written law passed by a legislative body. "The new statute aims to reduce environmental pollution."

Subpoena: A writ ordering a person to attend a court. "The witness received a subpoena to testify in court."

Testimony: A formal written or spoken statement given in a court of law."The witness's testimony was crucial to the case."

Tort: A wrongful act or an infringement of a right leading to legal liability. "The company was sued for the tort of negligence."

Verdict: The decision of a jury or judge. "The jury returned a verdict of not guilty."

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