Python dictionary in Telegu |dictionary methods | Python data structures | Python Tutorial in Telugu

0:00 Introduction
1:42 dict() constructor
2:30 key features of dictionary
3:57 how to access items in dictionary
8:21 how to change/add items in dictionary
11:11 remove items in dictionary
13:01 copy dictionary
15:08 fromkeys() method

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A dictionary in Python is a powerful data structure that stores key-value pairs. It's mutable, unordered, and iterable. Here's a comprehensive guide covering various aspects of dictionaries in Python:

1. Creating a Dictionary:
You can create a dictionary using curly braces `{}` and separating key-value pairs with colons `:`. Here's an example:

```python
my_dict = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'}
```

2. Accessing Dictionary Items:
You can access dictionary items using keys. If the key exists, it returns the corresponding value; otherwise, it raises a KeyError. Use the `get()` method to avoid KeyError.

```python
print(my_dict['name']) # Output: John
```

3. Changing Dictionary Items:
You can change the value of a specific key by reassigning it.

```python
my_dict['age'] = 31
```

4. Adding Items to Dictionary:
You can add new key-value pairs to the dictionary by assigning a value to a new key.

```python
my_dict['jobrole'] = 'Software Engineer'
```

5. Removing Items from Dictionary:
Use `del` statement to remove a particular item, or use `pop()` method to remove an item by key and get its value at the same time. `popitem()` method removes the last inserted item.

```python
del my_dict['age']
```

6. Dictionary Methods:
Python provides several built-in methods to manipulate dictionaries:

- `keys()`: Returns a view of all keys.
- `values()`: Returns a view of all values.
- `items()`: Returns a view of all key-value pairs as tuples.
- `update()`: Updates the dictionary with another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.
- `clear()`: Removes all items from the dictionary.

7. Iterating Over a Dictionary:
You can loop through a dictionary using a `for` loop:

```python
print(key, value)
```

8. Dictionary Comprehensions:
Similar to list comprehensions, you can also use dictionary comprehensions to create dictionaries in a concise manner:

```python
squares = {x: x*x for x in range(5)}
```

9. Nested Dictionaries:
Dictionaries can contain other dictionaries as values.

```python
nested_dict = {'person': {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}}
```

10. Dictionary Operations:
- Membership testing using `in` and `not in` operators.
- Length of dictionary using `len()` function.
- Copying dictionaries using `copy()` method or `dict()` constructor.

11. Dictionary Views:
Dictionaries provide dynamic views of their keys, values, or key-value pairs, which reflect changes in the underlying dictionary.

```python

```

12. Dictionary Sorting:
Dictionaries are inherently unordered. If you need to process the dictionary in a specific order, you can sort its keys or items.

```python
```

Dictionaries are versatile data structures in Python, widely used for various tasks due to their flexibility and efficiency. Understanding their operations and methods is essential for effective programming in Python.

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