Fish Parrot

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Parrotfish are key contributors to high-quality sand production; a single large fish can generate hundreds of kilograms of sand annually, which naturally ends up on beaches. They bite into corals using unique teeth that resemble a parrot’s beak. However, this “beak” isn’t a single plate; it consists of rows of tightly packed, ultra-strong teeth. When a group of parrotfish feeds, there’s a noisy chorus of grinding, crunching, and knocking, much like in a quarry. Hard coral fragments are further processed with additional pharyngeal teeth, allowing the fish to absorb nutrients while expelling pure sand. Some parrotfish species have an extra adaptation—they secrete a layer of mucus from their mouths before sleeping, which forms a protective cocoon around their bodies. This “sleeping bag” shields them from underwater parasites, masks their scent from predators, and helps maintain electrolyte balance.