Orange Harvesting And Processing In Northern Iran

Orange harvest
In Gilan province, in addition to tea, olives, hazelnuts, peanuts, rice and kiwi, oranges are also produced in a significant amount
Orange or sometimes sweet orange is a fruit from the citrus orange family
Its tree is full of leaves in all seasons and its height reaches up to 10 meters
Orange is the most widely used citrus fruit in the world
Orange harvest in northern Iran usually starts in early December
The orange originated in a region encompassing Southern China, Northeast India, and Myanmar, and the earliest mention of the sweet orange was in Chinese literature in 314 BC
As of 1987, orange trees were found to be the most cultivated fruit tree in the world
Orange trees are widely grown in tropical and subtropical climates for their sweet fruit
The fruit of the orange tree can be eaten fresh, or processed for its juice or fragrant peel
As of 2012, sweet oranges accounted for approximately 70% of citrus production
In 2019, 79 million tonnes of oranges were grown worldwide, with Brazil producing 22% of the total, followed by China and India
The first commercial sample of citrus was imported to Iran from Turkey and Lebanon in 1934
These samples were cultivated in the northern regions of Iran.
From this year onwards, various samples of citrus fruits were imported to the country, which were mostly planted in the southern regions
The word orange derives from the Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga or nagrungo), meaning 'orange tree'. The Sanskrit word reached European languages through Persian (nārang) and its Arabic derivative (nāranj)
Types of oranges are: Common, Valencia, Hamlin, Other Valencias, Navel, Cara cara, Other Navels, Blood, Acidless, Hybrid
Like most citrus plants, oranges do well under moderate temperatures—between 15.5 and 29 °C (59.9 and 84.2 °F)—and require considerable amounts of sunshine and water
Another significant element in the full development of the fruit is the temperature variation between summer and winter and, between day and night. In cooler climates, oranges can be grown indoors
Oranges must be mature when harvested
Commercially, oranges can be stored by refrigeration in controlled-atmosphere chambers for up to twelve weeks after harvest
Storage life ultimately depends on cultivar, maturity, pre-harvest conditions, and handling
In stores and markets, however, oranges should be displayed on non-refrigerated shelves
Oranges, whose flavor may vary from sweet to sour, are commonly peeled and eaten fresh or squeezed for juice
The thick bitter rind is usually discarded, but can be processed into animal feed by desiccation, using pressure and heat
Currently, many types of oranges are cultivated in Iran
The original orange was small, bitter and full of seeds, which has become bigger and sweeter as a result of genetic engineering training as well as choosing a better type and sufficient fertilizer
There are different types of oranges, some of which are blood oranges and mandarins
Sometimes, some farmers do orange water treatment for more growth and also to eliminate orange pests.