AP Bio Unit 1 - 1.6 Nucleic Acids

In this part of our Biochemistry series, we explore the structural similarities and differences between DNA and RNA molecules, which are closely related to their respective functions.

a. Both DNA and RNA consist of three essential components: sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. These components come together to form nucleotide units that are connected by covalent bonds. The result is a linear molecule with 5' and 3' ends, and the nitrogenous bases are positioned perpendicular to the sugar-phosphate backbone.

b. Delve into the key structural distinctions between DNA and RNA:

i. DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

ii. RNA contains uracil as one of its nitrogenous bases, whereas DNA contains thymine.

iii. DNA typically forms a double-stranded structure, whereas RNA is usually single-stranded.

iv. In double-stranded DNA, the two strands run in opposite directions, exhibiting antiparallel directionality.

Understanding these structural differences is essential in grasping the unique roles and functions of DNA and RNA in the intricate processes of genetics and cellular biology.