The ACL-deficient knee exam: The Lachman and pivot-shift tests

This video demonstrates two of the typical examination findings in an ACL-deficient knee: Lachman's test and the pivot-shift test. This patient has pathologic varus alignment across the knee and a chronic ACL tear. His main complaint is subjective instability of the knee during exercise and activity that involve pivoting and changing direction. We will perform a high-tibial osteotomy (HTO) to correct his malalignment and an ACL reconstruction to restore stability of the knee.