An Introduction to the Reformation, Lesson 14: The Empire Strikes Back

During the 1530s and 1540s, despite continuing controversies over the doctrine of the Lord's Supper, the Reformation consolidated its gains and its unity in Germany. However, in 1547, Emperor Charles V struck back, destroying the Protestant military forces in Germany and re-imposing obedience to Catholic doctrine and practice. Although the Lutheran churches ultimately succeeded in re-asserting their freedom to worship, the war led to lasting fractures within the movement