Acid-Base Reactions in Solution: Crash Course Chemistry #8

Last week, Hank talked about how stuff mixes together in solutions. Today, and for the next few weeks, he will talk about the actual reactions happening in those solutions - atoms reorganizing themselves to create whole new substances in the processes that make our world the one we know and love. This week, we focus on acids and bases and their proton-exchanging ways.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!

Table of Contents
Chemistry Can Cause Death 00:00
Acids and Bases are Complicated 02:25
Conjugate Bases 05:37
Conjugate Acids 04:48
Acid-Base Stoichiometry 06:49

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[crashcourse]

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! 

[ohwow]

*An aspiring chemist watching crash course*
”chemist die younger than the average person”
*re-thinks life*

[cyanpox]

There used to be a DJ called DJ Titrate. He always loved to drop the base (into acids).

[CattyAttie]

Funny chemistry story (actually, not really,  lab safety ain't no joke kids...):
I once had my shirt disintegrated off me. A classmate walked right behind me and I didn't know he was there and I bumped into him. I don't remember the concentration, but unfortunately for me he was carrying a tray with phosphoric acid. It wasn't life threatening but about an hour later while riding the bus home, I was feeling a little itchy on my shoulder where the acid spilled on me. I reached back to scratch it and my shirt just at the touch. I lost the whole upper right side of my shirt.

Confused the hell out of the bus driver, who noticed my current state of attire as I was exiting the bus, before she could ask I said, "Don't worry, I just had acid spilled on me in chemistry." I then proceeded to take long and thorough shower as soon as I got home.

[BBBuilds]

Now, every time I drop soap in the shower, I am going to that I "dropped the base".

[Woodfekker]

I learned more from this 11 minute video than I did the past month in school

[FiratHira]

Just to make sure I have this right as some of the calculations set out below seem incorrect:

For 1 metric ton of coal containing 3% Sulphur the following applies:

30 Kg of Sulphur requires as calculated in the video: 30000 g of S / 32.065 = 935.59956 moles then as 1 mole of S reacts with 1 moles of CaCo3 = 935.59956 * 100.09 = 93644.159 g which is = 93.64 Kg of CaCo3  to fully neutralize it producing 112.431 Kg of CaSo3. Therefore you need ~ 3.12 Kg of CaCo3 to neutralize 1 Kg of Sulphur.

Knowing this, the approximate answers would be as follows for 1x10^9 metric tons of coal:

The amount of Sulphur produced from 1 metric ton of coal = 30 Kg * 1 billion = 3.0x10^10 Kg of S produced.

The amount of CaCo3 needed for 1 metric ton of coal = 93.64 * 1 billion = 9.364x10^10 Kg of CaCo3 needed (which is 3.121 times the amount of Sulphur produced).

Finally the amount of CaSo3 produced from 30 Kg of Sulphur reacting with 93.64 Kg of CaCo3 = 112.431 * 1 billion = 1.12431x10^11 Kg of CaSo3 produced.

RFM for Sulphur = 32.065 g

RFM for CaCo3 = 100.09 g

RFM for CaSo3 = 120.17 g

Good luck to all!

[lordreavers]

The worst thing that could happen is having a bad teacher. -cough- -cough- -cough- you know who you are bad chem teachers

[thingonometry-]

PLEASE CAN WE HAVE CRASH COURSE PHYSICS

[davidfeng]

Crash Course is undoubtedly the best educational channel on YouTube. However, it would be great if more topics could be incorporated by adding more series, like physics, math, and a series specifically on DNA or something. I really appreciate what you guys do, so thank you! #CrashCourse

[ze]

The first 13 seconds pretty much sum up my life

[Lovelypanacea]

I'll never get enough of Crash Course. . .every review is perfectly wittingly constructed and presented. 

[cullenwalsh]

I love the way that Chemistry is handled in these videos. It makes Chemistry seem like a fun, easy to understand science, as opposed to an impossibly difficult science that a lot of media portrays it to be. That, and these videos are extremely helpful for brushing up on material learned in the classroom.

[RachelP]

Hank is out of his office!? What!?!?!? Mind. Blown.

[frederickschulze]

When you need to watch crash course on 1.5x speed because of test in 7 minutes...

[winnielee]

I really wish i could have seen this channel back in high school when my chemistry teachers sucked and made me hated the subject. You make chemistry much more of fun than boring equations, man!

[noannellesky]

Hank, I can never thank you enough for those crash courses! After a semester without chemistry, I definitely needed to freshen up my knowledge to be able to follow my "Industrial applications of chemistry" class in college. Thank you (and the whole team) so much! :D

[arielartista]

You're like the Bill Nye for adults. So informative and you make it easy to understand. Thank you!

[stocktonjoans]

Dear Hank, Please can we have some "Chemistry, Causing problems ... But also fixing them" Tee shirts, they would kick so much ass

[mxgetsu]

Soap is a base. People say "Drop the base"
Does this mean drop the soap?
This world is evil.