What is El Niño? What is La Niña?

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El Niño. We hear it being brought up in the news quite a bit, but what does it actually mean? No, it's not a type of yoghurt!

El Niño
During an El Niño event, ocean water from off the coast of South America (near Ecuador and Peru) to the central tropical Pacific warm above average. The warming takes place as trade winds (the permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow around the equator) weaken or even reverse, blowing warm water from the western Pacific toward the east. As a result, sea temperatures in the far western Pacific can cool below average. The unusually warm water in the eastern Pacific then influences the Walker Circulation, acting as a focal point for cloud, rainfall, and thunderstorms. It is this change in the Walker Circulation that impacts weather patterns around the world.

La Niña
During a La Niña event, ocean water from off the coast of South America to the central tropical Pacific cools to below average temperatures. This cooling occurs because of stronger than normal easterly trade winds, which churns cooler, deeper sea water up to the ocean’s surface. Sea temperatures can warm above average in the far western Pacific when this happens. The unusually cool water in the eastern Pacific influences the Walker Circulation and suppresses cloud, rain, and thunderstorms. This change impacts weather patterns around the world, but in a different way than El Niño does.
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Thank god this video exists. I was so confused.

reetkahlon
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The map is wrong. The only map works is the Mercator map. NZ is on the East, where the sun rises and the USA is on the West where the sun is setting. Always remember that. What's above so below. In The Wave Lies The Secret Of Creation. Globe and Gleason Pizza map created to connect East and West to hide the International Dateline and beyond. Samoa, Tonga, Hawaii etc are on the West. Fiji, New Zealand etc are on the East. Two different areas. If you travel East you are not gonna arrive West same as you travel West even North or South.

williamturner
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So basically both events will produce drier hotter conditions for New Zealand?

Astro-X