asynchronous vs synchronous programming

asynchronous vs synchronous programming refers to how tasks are executed in a program. let's break down the differences between the two:

synchronous programming:
- in synchronous programming, tasks are executed one after the other in a sequential manner. this means that each task must wait for the previous one to finish before it can start.
- if a task takes a long time to complete (e.g., reading a large file or making a network request), it will block the execution of subsequent tasks.
- synchronous programming is simpler to understand and reason about as the flow of execution is straightforward.

asynchronous programming:
- in asynchronous programming, tasks are executed concurrently or in parallel. this means that tasks can run independently of each other, allowing for better performance and responsiveness.
- asynchronous tasks do not block the main thread, so other tasks can continue to run while waiting for asynchronous operations to complete.
- asynchronous programming is often used for i/o-bound operations like network requests, file operations, or database queries.

code example - synchronous programming in javascript:

code example - asynchronous programming in javascript using promises:

in the asynchronous example, the `fetchdata` function returns a promise that resolves after a 2-second delay. the main thread is not blocked during this time, allowing the execution to continue.

overall, asynchronous programming is favored for tasks that involve waiting for i/o operations or other tasks that may take some time to complete. it can greatly improve the performance and responsiveness of your applications.

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