how to pass value by reference in python

certainly! in python, all arguments are passed by object reference. however, when we talk about passing by reference, it's usually in the context of mutable objects, where changes made to the object inside a function persist outside the function as well. in python, lists and dictionaries are mutable, so they exhibit this behavior.
here's a tutorial on how to pass values by reference in python, with examples using functions and mutable objects:
in python, when you pass an object to a function, you are actually passing a reference to the object. this means that any modifications made to the object inside the function will affect the original object outside the function. however, not all objects behave the same way, and this behavior is more apparent with mutable objects.
in this example, the function modify_list takes a list as an argument, appends an element, and modifies an existing element. the changes are visible outside the function because the list is mutable.
in this example, the function modify_dict takes a dictionary as an argument, adds a new key-value pair, and removes an existing key-value pair. the changes are visible outside the function because dictionaries are mutable.
in python, objects are passed by reference, and changes made to mutable objects inside a function affect the original object outside the function. understanding this behavior is crucial when working with functions that modify mutable objects, such as lists and dictionaries.
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