973 k closest points to origin heap leetcode javascript

the "973. k closest points to origin" problem on leetcode requires finding the k points closest to the origin (0, 0) from a given list of points in a 2d plane. the challenge lies in efficiently determining the proximity of these points based on their euclidean distance, which can be computed using the formula \( \sqrt{x^2 + y^2} \). however, since we only need the k closest points, it's sufficient to compare the squared distances \( (x^2 + y^2) \) to avoid unnecessary computation of square roots.

a common approach to solve this problem involves using a max heap (or priority queue), where the largest distance among the k closest points is maintained at the top. by iterating through the list of points and pushing each point into the heap, while ensuring its size does not exceed k, we can efficiently retrieve the k closest points. the final result is derived by extracting the points from the heap, ensuring optimal performance even with large datasets.
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