Science 4 | Quarter 2: Lesson 3 |The Root System Parts and Functions | S.Y. 2024-2025

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The Root System: Parts and Functions
The root system is the underground part of a plant. It's essential for a plant's survival as it performs several crucial functions.
Parts of a Root System:
1. Primary Root: This is the main root that grows directly downward from the seed. In some plants, it becomes the taproot.
2. Secondary Roots: These are smaller roots that branch off from the primary root. They help to anchor the plant and absorb nutrients.
3. Root Hairs: These are tiny, hair-like structures that extend from the root surface. They increase the surface area for absorbing water and minerals.

Functions of a Root System:
1. Anchorage: Roots firmly anchor the plant to the ground, preventing it from being uprooted by wind or water.
2. Absorption: Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil, which are essential for the plant's growth and development.
3. Storage: Some roots, such as carrots and radishes, store food for the plant.
4. Support: In some plants, roots can provide additional support, especially in areas with loose soil.
5. Photosynthesis (in some cases): While most photosynthesis occurs in the leaves, some plants have aerial roots that can absorb sunlight and perform photosynthesis.
Types of Root Systems:
1. Taproot: This type of root system has a single, thick primary root that grows deep into the soil. Examples include carrots, radishes, and dandelions.
2. Fibrous Root: This type of root system has many thin, branching roots that spread out horizontally near the soil surface. Examples include grasses, corn, and wheat.
Understanding the root system is crucial for understanding how plants grow and thrive. It's a vital part of a plant's anatomy, performing essential functions for its survival.