How to stop python function from returning none

certainly! in python, a function by default returns `none` if no explicit return statement is provided. to prevent a python function from returning `none`, you can use the `return` statement to explicitly return a desired value. here is a tutorial with a code example to demonstrate how to achieve this:

### tutorial: how to stop python function from returning `none`

1. **define the function**: start by defining a python function that performs a specific task. make sure to include a `return` statement that returns the desired value instead of relying on the default `none` return.

2. **use the `return` statement**: inside the function, explicitly use the `return` statement to return a value that you want the function to output. this will ensure that the function does not return `none` unintentionally.

3. **handle edge cases**: if there are conditions where you do not want the function to return `none`, make sure to include proper logic to handle those cases and return an appropriate value.

4. **test the function**: after modifying the function to return a specific value, test it with different inputs to verify that it behaves as expected and does not return `none`.

### code example:

in this example, the `calculate_sum` function takes two arguments `a` and `b` and returns the sum of the two numbers if they are integers. if the inputs are not integers, it returns a message indicating invalid input.

by using the `return` statement to explicitly define the output of the function, you can prevent it from returning `none` unintentionally.

i hope this tutorial helps you understand how to stop a python function from returning `none` by using the `return` statement effectively. let me know if you have any further questions!

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#python function type
#python function syntax
#python function arguments
#python function docstring
#python functional programming

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