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USMLE Step 1 Pathology - Disorders of calcium metabolism
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Imbalances in calcium metabolism result in hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. Diseases affecting the parathyroid gland, kidneys and liver are the major causes of calcium imbalances. Levels of parathyroid hormone or PTH, calcium and phosphate can help to diagnose the cause of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia.
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