Why is There Absolute Zero Temperature? Why is There a Limit?

The highest temperature scientists obtained at the Large Hadron Collider is 5 trillion Kelvin.
The lowest temperature that people managed to obtain is 0.000000000038 (38 picoKelvin) or minus 273.14 degrees Celsius or minus 459.66 degrees Fahrenheit.
But is there anything else hotter or colder? What does "colder" or "hotter" mean? Why are some objects warmer than others? What is absolute zero, and why is it -459.67 Fahrenheit and -273.15 Celsius? Keep watching to learn this from the video!
Absolute zero.
#reyouniverse

[ch_]

For those who haven't watched the vid yet: very simple put, temperature is a measurement of the "vibrations" of individual atoms in a material. Hotter stuff vibrates more, and vibrations can be transfered between materials. There is a minimum temperature because once an atom stops vibrating, it can't vibrate any less than not vibrating.

[loudermusic]

This is the best kind of content for the cannabis consumption process, you realize that Right?

[DanGrrr]

I'm high, the time is 4.21am, I can see the full moon through my window and I'm watching this video. Sweet.

[jamesgraham]

The UK doesn’t use Fahrenheit like this video proclaims. We use Celsius/Centigrade. For some reason during Sunmer, TV weather forecasters like to also tell you what a hot day is in Fahrenheit too. I have no idea why though.

[ReizarfEgroeg]

The reason for this limit is due to the laws of thermodynamics. The third law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible to lower the temperature of any system to absolute zero in a finite number of steps. This is because as the temperature decreases, the amount of heat available to the system also decreases, and it becomes increasingly difficult to remove the remaining heat energy.

In addition, the second law of thermodynamics states that heat naturally flows from hot to cold objects, and this flow can never be reversed without external intervention. This means that it is impossible to completely remove all heat energy from a system and reach absolute zero.

While achieving absolute zero temperature is currently impossible in practice, scientists have come very close to it in laboratory settings. The study of ultra-cold temperatures has led to many important discoveries and applications, such as in the fields of superconductivity and quantum computing.

[deathsyth]

Effects of outside temperature to humans:
Fahrenheit - 0° (really cold) to 100° (really hot)
Celsius - 0° (fairly cold) to 100° (dead)
Kelvin - 0° (dead) to 100° (dead)

[miked]

It is always fun to try and explain to people that there is technically no such thing as cold, only things that are less hot.
Or how an air conditioner or refrigerator does not actually produce cold air, but absorbs and moves heat energy from a space.

[smartspy]

when he said 273 point fifteen... i lost it...

[CuriousFocker]

No we do not use Fahrenheit in the UK, we use Celsius.

[phugwad]

The reason we have negative temperature is simply that the temperature scales arbitrarily set a certain temperature as zero, in spite of that temperature not being actually zero temperature (zero motion). It would as if we had decided that 14 inches was zero meters, so anything shorter that 14 inches, in the Metric system of length measurement, was negative meters in length

[pressplayulysses]

I'll save everyone a click.

Nowhere in the entire video was any explanation why it is precisely at -273.15. The question was asked at 10:12, but no definite answer was given.

I know you want us to learn, but no need to extend it for more than 10 minutes.

[LoganxD]

Really enjoyed the video a lot of interesting information that will be useful for anyone wanting to learn. Only slight issue I have is the U.K doesn’t use Fahrenheit. I was born and raised here and it has been Celsius or Centigrade my entire life. Even when doing tests (e.g. tests like a CSCS uses Celsius in the questions as opposed to anything else). Whenever I see the heat maps of America with numbers over 100 my first thought before realisation is why isn’t everyone dead 😳😅🤷🏻‍♂️

[compresswealthdivideeconom]

I wasted 15 minutes hoping to obtain the answers of the title. Click bait.

[mitchyk]

We do not generally use Fahrenheit in the UK so you got that wrong. We have been using Centrigrade which changed to Celsius for at least the last 50 years. However most of the information in this video is correct.

[delpierro]

A couple of things to say here (from a physics PhD), 3rd law of thermodynamics DOES NOT state that it is not possible to lower the T to absolute zero. It states that even when a material reaches to absolute 0, entropy of the system will be finite. That means, fluctuations of primary constituents of a system (atoms in materials, etc) will still vibrate or they will not be in an absolutely stationary state even when they are cooled to absolute zero. Also, 2nd law of thermodynamics originally defines the entropy and together with the 0th law it explains the heat flow.

[Chalisque]

I live and grew up in the UK and essentially never use °F. My oven dial is in °C. Weather forecasts primarily give temperatures in °C. I think these days that the US is the only major holdout for °F.

[malcolmabram]

The melting point of pure ice (the ice point) is about 0.02 degrees C, which it was slightly adjusted from zero so that absolute zero is -273.15 degrees C by definition.

[mikec]

No one in the UK uses Fahrenheit ffs. How did you get that wrong!??

[RoundBallDefender]

So here’s a theory: if something reached absolute zero it would disappear. And as we lower the temperature of matter, it’s volume also decreases. And in a black hole, we have matter being compressed, but no hypothesis as to where it goes.
What if a black hole not only compresses matter, but also reduces its temperature, to a point it reaches absolute zero, and it just disappears?

[ZXLMaster]

Absolute Zero, also known as zero kelvin, represents the lowest temperature theoretically possible in the universe. It corresponds to -273.15°C (-459.67°F) on the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales, respectively. At this temperature, the thermal motion of atoms and molecules reaches its minimum, resulting in several notable phenomena:

1. **Absence of Motion:** The particles within a substance exhibit virtually no motion, approaching a state of complete stillness. However, it's important to note that atoms are not entirely motionless, as electrons, protons, and neutrons continue to exhibit movement.

2. **Complete Absence of Heat Energy:** At absolute zero, there is a complete absence of heat energy within a substance. This implies that the substance possesses no thermal energy, making it the coldest possible state.

3. **Minimal Vibrational Motion:** The fundamental particles of nature exhibit minimal vibrational motion at absolute zero. They retain only quantum mechanical, zero-point energy-induced particle motion.

4. **Zero Volume and Zero Pressure:** Ideal gases exhibit zero volume at a fixed pressure and zero pressure at a fixed volume. It is impossible to achieve volumes or pressures lower than zero under any circumstances.

In summary, absolute zero represents a unique and extreme state in which the thermal motion of particles reaches its lowest possible limit, resulting in the absence of heat energy, minimal vibrational motion, and zero volume and pressure. ❤