David Hume's Problem of Induction (Simply Explained) 🔎

The problem of induction, as formulated by David Hume, addresses one of the most significant questions in epistemology: what can science truly know?

If you've ever delved into empirical research methods, you've likely encountered the terms induction and deduction.

While a Grounded Theory approach follows an inductive logic, an experiment relies on deductive logic. Is one better than the other? How are both connected, and why are scientific results never definitive?

The answers to all these questions are tied to Hume's problem of induction. In this video, you'll learn everything you need to know to hold your own in a discussion with a ninth-semester philosophy student.

Additionally, this knowledge will help you better understand and critique scientific methods. It's definitely worth sticking around.

📚 Lee, A. S., & Baskerville, R. L. (2003). Generalizing generalizability in information systems research. Information systems research, 14(3), 221-243.

📚 Lee, A. S., & Baskerville, R. L. (2012). Conceptualizing generalizability: New contributions and a reply. MIS quarterly, 749-761.

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00:00 Intro
00:56 #1 What is Inductive Reasoning?
01:41 #2 What is Hume's Problem of Induction?
02:33 #3 An Example of an Inductive Inference
04:06 #4 The Uniformity of Nature
05:11 #5 Is Deduction the Solution to the Problem of Induction?
06:16 #6 Why We Should Sometimes Trust Induction
07:29 #7 What This Means for Today's Science

In science, inductive reasoning involves deriving a general theory from the observation of a specific phenomenon.

For instance, consider an interview study where 30 interviews are conducted. The data collected is analyzed using Grounded Theory, leading to a new theory.

Induction isn’t limited to qualitative research. Any type of research that draws conclusions about a theory or natural law from observations employs induction.

This could be a statistical evaluation, where conclusions about the entire population are drawn from a sample, or it could be a physicist making repeated measurements from which she derives a natural law.

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This video is about: induction problem, induction problem solving, induction problem solution, david hume, david hume induction, deduction, deduction induction, deduction vs induction

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[thatchinaboi]

The Problem of Induction just points to the fact that a conclusion that relies upon assumption can never be logically certain to be true, and the method of inference that is induction (as well as abduction) NECESSARILY relies upon making certain assumptions beyond what is directly observable. Only a priori deduction can arrive at conclusions that are logically demonstrated to be True and this can be done using "Proof By Contradiction".

[thatchinaboi]

The Problem of Induction not only applies to abduction equally, it also applies to knowing about events that happened in the past as well as the present (as oppose to merely applying to making predictions about the future). Additionally, just because your prediction turned out to be correct and is repeatable doesn't mean the conclusions that you have based your prediction on is necessarily True.

Induction and abduction is therefore methods of inference that is USEFUL, as opposed to TRUTHFUL.