But how does a Laser actually work? (The Laser Principle)

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First developed in the 1960s, lasers have become commonplace in industry and households for a variety of applications. But how do they actually work?
In this video, I will provide an explanation on the laser principle. This video will brush over the Einstein coefficients, Fermi's Golden Rule and the properties and limitations of two level systems. In order to achieve population inversion, i.e. the precondition we need for a successful laser, we need at least a 3 level system. I will then explain why a 4 level system is actually the most efficient one.

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⌚Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
00:22 Absorption, Spontaneous Emission, Stimulated Emission
02:08 Simplest Explanation
02:25 Einstein Coefficients
03:09 Fermi's Golden Rule
04:09 Population Inversion
04:35 Limitations of 2-Level Systems
05:33 3-Level System
06:49 4-Level System

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Wow this was so informative and concise!

lolaschoellkopf
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What an incredible video! I have never seen such a good explanation of lasers! I am eternally grateful for the YouTube algorithm God for presenting me this

muriloporfirio