Module 8 Contours and Topographic maps

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Map reading
& Navigation
Bootcamp
Jan 2020, Peter Van Geit

Tables of contents
Part 1 - I
Part 2 - Global Positioning System
Part 3 - Georeferencing Maps
Part 4 - Map creation & Navigation
Part 5 - Satellite maps
Part 6 - Topographic Maps

Part 7 - Trail Planning
Part 8 - Map & Compass
Part 9 - Field Assignment

Pre-requisites
Personal
Aadhaar ID (SOI downloads)
Laptop
Google Maps
Google Earth
Globalmapper
Oziexplorer
Terra Incognita

Mobile
Mobile data plan (sufficient bandwidth)
OSMAnd offline maps
Contour Lines plugin (300Rs)
Google Earth
GPS Status & Toolbox

Part 1
Maps of
India

Map Sources
Olizane 1:150K
Survey of India – 1:50K
Nepal topo - 1:25K
Wikiloc - trails
Ramblr - trails

Google Sat Maps - 1:100m
Google Terrain Maps – 1:25K
Google Earth
GE Mobile
AMS (US Army) topo maps – 1:250K
Soviet topo maps - 1:200K
Open Street Maps - scalable
Open Topo Maps - 1:30m

Google Satellite Maps

Google Terrain Maps

Google Terrain Maps

Google Earth

GE Mobile

US Army Map Service

Gadidaipenta
guest house

Soviet Maps

Tada fort

Exporting trails from OSM

Olizane maps

Olizane

Survey of India maps

SOI Legend

SOI Index

HP, J&K Offline Maps

Trails - WikiLoc

Trails - Ramblr

Assignment
Locate Siddhagad on:
Google Sat + Terrain Maps
Google Earth
SOI
AMS
OSM

Part 2
Global
Positioning
System

GPS
Global Positioning System
Constellation of 30 satellites at height of 11.000 miles
Developed by the United States Department of Defense (DOD)
GPS can provide any point on earth with a unique address (its precise location)
Position is identified as latitude, longitude, altitude

Summary of satellites[9]

Latitude, longitude

Latitude, Longitude

GPX - GPS data
exchange format
Elevation profiles

Google Earth - Understanding Latitude and Longitude

Assignment

Part 3
Georeferencing
Maps

Georeferencing maps

Georeferencing maps

KML - Keyhole Markup Language

Keyhole Markup
Language

KMZ files

Overlaying trails and maps

Overlaying trails and maps

Overlaying trails and maps

Overlaying trails on maps

Georeferencing Google Maps

Georeferencing Google Maps

Overlaying maps & trails

Overlaying maps & elevation data

Georeferencing maps in Google Earth

Overlaying maps - Google Earth

SOI on Google Earth

Part 4
Map creation
& Navigation

Trans Sahyadri 2019 - 200 forts

Trans Himalaya 2019 - 120 high passes

Navigation

Offline Maps
Import Trails
Contours

Download
Maps
Contours

Trail Creation

Assignment
Create your first trail
Download in OSMAnd
Navigate / Record trail
Review recorded trail on various maps

Part 5
Sat Maps

Google Maps

Sat Maps

Sat Maps

Sat maps

Part 6
Contours and Topographic
Maps

Topographic maps & Contours

Contour maps

Topographic map

Terrain

Valleys

Ridges

Peaks

Terrain features
Hill
Saddle
Valley
Ridge

Peak

Valley

Ridge

Saddles

Contours

Peaks

Valleys

Ridges

Assignment
Identify peaks, valleys, ridges on contour map
Overlay contour map on Google Earth
View valleys and ridges in 3D
Import trail and visualize elevation profile in Google Earth

Part 7
Digital Elevation
Model &
Contour generation

Shuttle Radio Topography Mission (SRTM)

NASA ASTER DEM 30m
(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Digital Elevation Model)

QGIS - Generating Contours from DEM

Overlay DEM contours on maps

Overlaying maps and contours in Google Earth

Overlay SOI maps and contours

Part 8
Trail Planning
In Western
Ghats

Stream

Section 3

Elevation profile
Entry
Target
Exit

Assignment
Identify a trail to a peak in the Western Ghats
Identify ridges, valleys, river crossings
Identify steep sections
Overlay / analyze trail on various maps
Generate elevation profile

Part 9
Map &
Compass

Traditional Navigation
Without the use of modern GPS technology there are 4 easy ways to identify your current field position on a map using contour lines, altitude, bearing or a combination of these

Assignment
Positioning using altimeter
Positioning using bearing
Positioning using altitude and bearing
Positioning using two bearings

Part 10
Field Assignment
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