Basics of Arduino - LED Control With Button

Please click this link for the code and schematic diagram:

LED Control With Button

In this experiment, you will learn how to turn on/off an LED by using an I/O port and a button. The "I/O port" refers to the INPUT and OUTPUT port. Here
the INPUT port of the Arduino Uno board is used to read the output of an
external device. Since the board itself has an LED (connected to Pin 13), so
you can use this LED to do this experiment for convenience.

Principle

Buttons are a common component used to control electronic devices. They
are usually used as switches to connect or disconnect circuits. Although
buttons come in a variety of sizes and shapes, the one used here is a 12mm
Tactile button as shown in the following pictures. Pins pointed out by the
arrows of same color are meant to be connected.

When the button is pressed, the pins pointed by the blue arrows will connect
to the pins pointed by the red arrows.
Generally, the button is directly connected in an LED circuit in order to turn on or
off the LED. This connection is relatively simple. However, sometimes the LED
will light up automatically without pressing the button, which is caused by
various interferences. In order to avoid these external interferences, a pull-down
resistor is used, that is, to connect a 1K–10KΩ resistor between the button port
and GND. It is used to consume external interferences while connected to GND
for as long as the button switch is turned off.

This circuit connection is widely used in numerous circuits and electronic
devices. For example, if you press any button on your mobile phone, the
backlight will light up.

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