Communication System | Frequency, Amplitude, Phase Modulation | 12th Standard Physics Lesson 10

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📡 Unlock the secrets of modern communication! In this 12th standard physics lesson, we explore the core concepts of the communication system, focusing on modulation techniques such as Frequency Modulation (FM), Amplitude Modulation (AM), and Phase Modulation (PM). This video is designed as a complete guide for Class 12 students to understand the basics of how signals are transmitted and received in communication systems.

🌐 In This Video:
✅ What is a Communication System?
✅ Why is Modulation necessary in communication?
✅ Explanation of Frequency Modulation (FM), Amplitude Modulation (AM), and Phase Modulation (PM)
✅ Applications and examples of modulation techniques
✅ 12th Standard Physics Chapter 10 Concepts Simplified

🎓 Perfect for Class 12 Board Exam Preparation and helpful for students studying Physics Chapter 10.

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Communication is the process of exchanging information by speaking, writing or using some other medium

The word “Communication” is derived from the Latin word “communis” which means commonness. Communication is the process of transmitting information, thoughts, opinions, messages, facts, ideas, emotions and understanding from one person / place / thing to another person / place / thing.

MODULATION

The transmission of information through short distances does not require complicated techniques. The energy of the information signal is sufficient enough to be sent directly. However if the information in the audio frequency range (20 to 20,000 Hz) needs to be transmitted to long distances across the world, certain techniques are required to transmit the information without any loss.

If the amplitude of the carrier signal is modified in proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the baseband signal, then it is called amplitude modulation.
Here the frequency and the phase of the carrier signal remain constant. Amplitude modulation is used in radio and TV broadcasting

Advantages of AM
i) Easy transmission and reception
ii) Lesser bandwidth requirements
iii) Low cost
Limitations of AM
i) Noise level is high
ii) Low efficiency
iii) Small operating range

In phase modulation, the instantaneous amplitude of the baseband signal modifies the phase of the carrier signal keeping its amplitude and frequency constant.
This modulation is used to generate frequency modulated signals.
It is similar to frequency modulation except that the phase of the carrier is varied instead of varying frequency

The advantages of phase modulation include the following.
Phase modulation (PM) is a simple contrasted to Frequency modulation (FM).
It is used to find out the velocity of a target by removing Doppler data. This needs constant carrier which is achievable during phase modulation however not in FM (frequency modulation).
The main benefit of this modulation is signal modulation because it permits computer for communicating on high-speed using a telephone system.
When the information is being transmitted without intrusion then the speed rates can be observed.
And one more advantage of PM (phase modulation) is improved immunity toward the noise.
The disadvantages of phase modulation include the following.
Phase modulation needs two signals by a phase variation among them. Through this, both the two patterns are required like a reference as well as a signal.
This type of modulation requires hardware which obtains more complex due to its conversion technique.
Phase ambiguity arrives if we exceed index pi radian of modulation (1800).
Phase modulation index can be enhanced by employing frequency multiplier.

A modulator-demodulator, or simply modem, is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog such as telephone or radio.
A modem transmits data by modulating one or more carrier wave signals to encode digital information, while the receiver demodulates the signal to recreate the original digital information.
The goal is to produce an electrical signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded reliably. Modems can be used with almost any means of transmitting analog signals, from light-emitting diodes to radio.